Table 4.

Descriptive statistics of actiotope variables in pre- and posttest by group and gender.

			Pretest			Posttest
Actiotope variable	Group	Gender	M	SD	n	M	SD	n
Interest	Control group	Male	2.95	0.73	16	2.38	0.99	16
		Female	2.49	0.59	14	2.71	0.81	14
		Total	2.74	0.70	30	2.53	0.91	30
	Experimental group	Male	3.11	0.78	7	3.05	0.47	7
		Female	3.13	0.96	6	2.79	1.05	6
		Total	3.12	0.83	13	2.93	0.77	13
	Total	Male	3.00	0.73	23	2.58	0.91	23
		Female	2.68	0.75	20	2.74	0.86	20
		Total	2.85	0.75	43	2.65	0.88	43
Self-efficacy	Control group	Male	4.08	0.61	16	3.42	1.24	16
		Female	3.45	0.91	14	3.48	0.98	14
		Total	3.79	0.82	30	3.44	1.11	30
	Experimental group	Male	4.10	0.66	7	4.38	0.76	7
		Female	4.39	0.74	6	4.33	0.82	6
		Total	4.23	0.69	13	4.36	0.75	13
	Total	Male	4.09	0.61	23	3.71	1.19	23
		Female	3.73	0.95	20	3.73	1.00	20
		Total	3.92	0.80	43	3.72	1.09	43
Self-concept	Control group	Male	3.61	0.76	16	3.25	1.24	16
		Female	3.16	0.77	14	3.50	0.77	14
		Total	3.40	0.79	30	3.37	1.04	30
	Experimental group	Male	3.75	0.61	7	3.96	0.70	7
		Female	4.21	0.84	6	3.83	1.09	6
		Total	3.96	0.73	13	3.90	0.86	13
	Total	Male	3.65	0.71	23	3.47	1.14	23
		Female	3.48	0.91	20	3.60	0.86	20
		Total	3.57	0.81	43	3.53	1.01	43
Implicit entity theories	Control group	Male	2.52	0.99	16	2.72	1.23	16
		Female	2.79	0.97	14	2.43	0.93	14
		Total	2.64	0.98	30	2.58	1.10	30
	Experimental group	Male	2.14	0.78	7	2.05	0.89	7
		Female	1.50	0.61	6	1.79	1.03	6
		Total	1.85	0.75	13	1.93	0.93	13
	Total	Male	2.40	0.93	23	2.51	1.16	23
		Female	2.40	1.06	20	2.24	0.98	20
		Total	2.40	0.98	43	2.39	1.08	43