Table 2.
Correlates of advice given by a nurse.
| Variables | Advice on changing eating habits or physical activity in patients (Total) N = 331 | Advice on changing eating habits or physical activity in patients with chronic diseases N = 331 | Advice on changing eating habits or physical activity in ″healthy″ patients N = 331 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted model | Adjusted model | Unadjusted model | Adjusted model | Unadjusted model | Adjusted model | |||||||||||
| N | n = 293 (88.5%) | OR | 95% Cl | OR | 95% Cl | n = 293 (88.5%) | OR | 95% Cl | OR | 95% Cl | n = 287 (86.7%) | OR | 95% Cl | OR | 95% Cl | |
| Age (years) | ||||||||||||||||
| <40 | 47 | 40 (85.1) | 1.00 | Ref. | 38 (80.9) | 1.00 | Ref. | 40 (85.1) | 1.00 | Ref. | ||||||
| 40–54 | 138 | 122 (88.4) | 1.33 | 0.51–3.47 | 124 (89.9) | 2.10 | 0.84–5.23 | 117 (84.8) | 0.98 | 0.39–2.47 | ||||||
| 55+ | 146 | 131 (89.7) | 1.53 | 0.58–4.01 | 131 (89.7) | 2.07 | 0.84–5.10 | 130 (89.0) | 1.42 | 0.55–3.70 | ||||||
| Subjective health assessment | ||||||||||||||||
| Very good | 61 | 55 (90.2) | 2.62 | 0.44–15.58 | 54 (88.5) | 0.96 | 0.10–8.90 | 52 (85.2) | 0.72 | 0.08–6.49 | ||||||
| Good | 261 | 231 (88.5) | 2.20 | 0.44–11.08 | 231 (88.5) | 0.96 | 0.12–7.97 | 227 (87.0) | 0.83 | 0.1–6.88 | ||||||
| Unsatisfactory | 9 | 7 (77.8) | 1.00 | Ref. | 8 (88.9) | 1.00 | Ref. | 8 (88.9) | 1.00 | Ref. | ||||||
| Body mass index (BMI) | ||||||||||||||||
| <25 kg/m2 | 149 | 137 (91.9) | 2.19 | 0.87–5.52 | 136 (91.3) | 1.26 | 0.45–3.48 | 131 (87.9) | 1.21 | 0.50–2.97 | ||||||
| ≥25 to <30 kg/m2 | 126 | 109 (86.5) | 1.23 | 0.51–2.95 | 107 (84.9) | 0.68 | 0.25–1.80 | 108 (85.7) | 1.00 | 0.41–2.46 | ||||||
| ≥30 kg/m2 | 56 | 47 (83.9) | 1.00 | Ref. | 50 (89.3) | 1.00 | Ref. | 48 (85.7) | 1.00 | Ref. | ||||||
| Number of chronic diseases | ||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 101 | 91 (90.1) | 1.00 | Ref. | 89 (88.1) | 1.00 | Ref. | 85 (84.2) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. | ||||
| 1 | 112 | 100 (89.3) | 0.92 | 0.38–2.22 | 98 (87.5) | 0.94 | 0.41–2.15 | 96 (85.7) | 1.13 | 0.53–2.40 | 0.96 | 0.42–2.19 | ||||
| 2 | 47 | 42 (89.4) | 0.92 | 0.29–2.87 | 43 (91.5) | 1.45 | 0.44–4.76 | 40 (85.1) | 1.08 | 0.41–2.82 | 0.90 | 0.32–2.54 | ||||
| ≥3 | 71 | 60 (84.5) | 0.60 | 0.24–1.50 | 63 (88.7) | 1.06 | 0.41–2.75 | 66 (93.0) | 2.49 | 0.87–7.13* | 1.79 | 0.59–5.44 | ||||
| Diseases occurring in the family | ||||||||||||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | ||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 128 | 114 (89.1) | 1.09 | 0.54–2.20 | 120 (93.8) | 2.60 | 1.15–5.87** | 2.26 | 0.96–5.32 | 114 (89.0) | 1.41 | 0.72–2.78 | ||||
| No | 203 | 179 (88.2) | 1.00 | Ref. | 173 (85.2) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. | 173 (85.2) | 1.00 | Ref. | ||||
| Coronary artery disease | ||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 141 | 124 (87.9) | 0.91 | 0.46–1.79 | 131 (92.9) | 2.26 | 1.06–4.83* | 1.71 | 0.77–3.83 | 121 (85.8) | 0.87 | 0.46–1.66 | ||||
| No | 190 | 169 (88.9) | 1.00 | Ref. | 162 (85.3) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. | 166 (87.4) | 1.00 | Ref. | ||||
| Neoplastic disease | ||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 150 | 134 (89.3) | 14.59 | 8.01–26.6*** | 1.24 | 0.61–2.52 | 130 (86.7) | 0.72 | 0.36–1.41 | 131 (87.3) | 1.11 | 0.58–2.10 | ||||
| No | 181 | 66 (36.5) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. | 163 (90.1) | 1.00 | Ref. | 156 (86.2) | 1.00 | Ref. | ||||
| Subjective assessment of being overweight or obese | ||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 96 | 85 (88.5) | 1.00 | 0.48–2.11 | 84 (87.5) | 0.87 | 0.42–1.81 | 84 (87.5) | 1.10 | 0.54–2.25 | ||||||
| No | 235 | 208 (88.5) | 1.00 | Ref. | 209 (88.9) | 1.00 | Ref. | 203 (86.4) | 1.00 | Ref. | ||||||
| Weight loss intention | ||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 179 | 153 (85.5) | 0.50 | 0.25–1.04* | 0.49 | 0.23–1.03 | 154 (86.0) | 0.58 | 0.28–1.17 | 155 (86.6) | 0.98 | 0.52–1.85 | ||||
| No | 152 | 140 (92.1) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. | 139 (91.4) | 1.00 | Ref. | 132 (86.8) | 1.00 | Ref. | ||||
| Physical activity | ||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 151 | 132 (87.4) | 0.82 | 0.42–1.61 | 133 (88.1) | 0.92 | 0.47–1.82 | 127 (84.1) | 0.66 | 0.35–1.25 | ||||||
| No | 180 | 161 (89.4) | 1.00 | Ref. | 160 (88.9) | 1.00 | Ref. | 160 (88.9) | 1.00 | Ref. | ||||||
| Diet | ||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 141 | 125 (88.7) | 1.02 | 0.52–2.03 | 126 (89.4) | 1.16 | 0.58–2.31 | 124 (87.9) | 1.21 | 0.63–2.32 | ||||||
| No | 190 | 168 (88.4) | 1.00 | Ref. | 167 (87.9) | 1.00 | Ref. | 163 (85.8) | 1.00 | Ref. | ||||||
| Medical practice | ||||||||||||||||
| Private | 119 | 104 (87.4) | 1.00 | Ref. | 102 (85.7) | 1.00 | Ref. | 101 (84.9) | 1.00 | Ref. | ||||||
| Public | 212 | 189 (89.2) | 1.19 | 0.59–2.37 | 191 (90.1) | 1.52 | 0.77–3.00 | 186 (87.7) | 1.28 | 0.67–2.44 | ||||||
| Years of work | ||||||||||||||||
| <10 | 118 | 106 (89.8) | 1.00 | Ref. | 102 (86.4) | 1.00 | Ref. | 98 (83.1) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. | ||||
| 10–20 | 105 | 89 (84.8) | 0.63 | 0.28–1.40 | 92 (87.6) | 1.11 | 0.51–2.43 | 89 (84.8) | 1.14 | 0.55–2.33 | 0.84 | 0.38–1.84 | ||||
| >20 | 108 | 98 (90.7) | 1.11 | 0.46–2.68 | 99 (91.7) | 1.73 | 0.73–4.09 | 100 (92.6) | 2.55 | 1.07–6.06* | 1.96 | 0.79–4.90 | ||||
| Number of patient visits during the routine working week | ||||||||||||||||
| ≤100 | 287 | 255 (88.9) | 1.26 | 0.49–3.21 | 254 (88.5) | 0.99 | 0.36–2.68 | 256 (89.2) | 3.46 | 1.64–7.31** | 3.97 | 1.72–9.21 | ||||
| >100 | 44 | 38 (86.4) | 1.00 | Ref. | 39 (88.6) | 1.00 | Ref. | 31 (70.5) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. | ||||
| Sufficient knowledge and skills to advise patients on healthy lifestyle | ||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 240 | 220 (91.7) | 2.71 | 1.36–5.41** | 2.57 | 1.28–5.19** | 219 (91.3) | 2.40 | 1.20–4.78** | 2.17 | 1.06–4.45* | 217 (90.4) | 2.83 | 1.48–5.42** | 2.41 | 1.19–4.91* |
| No | 91 | 73 (80.2) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. | 74 (81.3) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. | 70 (76.9) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Making measurements of body weight, height, BMI | ||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 225 | 204 (90.7) | 1.86 | 0.93–3.69* | 1.87 | 0.92–3.81 | 207 (92.0) | 2.67 | 1.35–5.30** | 2.54 | 1.25–5.14** | 203 (90.2) | 2.42 | 1.27–4.60** | 2.64 | 1.31–5.33** |
| No | 106 | 89 (84.0) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. | 86 (81.1) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. | 84 (79.2) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Tobacco smoking | ||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 60 | 52 (86.7) | 0.81 | 0.35–1.87 | 55 (91.7) | 1.53 | 0.57–4.09 | 53 (88.3) | 1.20 | 0.51–2.83 | ||||||
| No | 271 | 241 (88.9) | 1.00 | Ref. | 238 (87.8) | 1.00 | Ref. | 234 (86.3) | 1.00 | Ref. | ||||||
| E-cigarette use | ||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 20 | 19 (95.0) | 2.57 | 0.33–19.73 | 19 (95.0) | 2.57 | 0.33–19.73 | 19 (95.0) | 3.05 | 0.40–23.36 | ||||||
| No | 311 | 274 (88.1) | 1.00 | Ref. | 274 (88.1) | 1.00 | Ref. | 268 (86.2) | 1.00 | Ref. | ||||||
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 137 | 121 (88.3) | 0.97 | 0.49–1.92 | 123 (89.8) | 1.24 | 0.62–2.50 | 120 (87.6) | 1.14 | 0.60–2.19 | ||||||
| No | 194 | 172 (88.7) | 1.00 | Ref. | 170 (87.6) | 1.00 | Ref. | 167 (86.1) | 1.00 | Ref. | ||||||
| Variables | Minimal anti-smoking intervention in smoking patients (Total) N = 331 | Minimal anti-smoking intervention in e-cigarette users N = 331 | Minimal anti-alcohol intervention in patients who consume alcohol N = 331 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted model | Adjusted model | Unadjusted model | Adjusted model | Unadjusted model | Adjusted model | |||||||||||
| N | n = 235 (71%) | OR | 95% Cl | OR | 95% Cl | n = 188 (56.8%) | OR | 95% Cl | OR | 95% Cl | n = 224 (67.7%) | OR | 95% Cl | OR | 95% Cl | |
| Age (years) | ||||||||||||||||
| <40 | 47 | 37 (78.7) | 1.00 | Ref. | 26 (55.3) | 1.00 | Ref. | 34 (72.3) | 1.00 | Ref. | ||||||
| 40–54 | 138 | 92 (66.7) | 0.54 | 2.45–1.18 | 72 (52.2) | 0.88 | 0.45–1.71 | 89 (64.5) | 0.69 | 0.34–1.44 | ||||||
| 55+ | 146 | 106 (72.6) | 0.72 | 0.33–1.57 | 90 (61.6) | 1.30 | 0.67–2.52 | 101 (69.2) | 0.86 | 0.41–1.78 | ||||||
| Subjective health assessment | ||||||||||||||||
| Very good | 61 | 43 (70.5) | 0.30 | 0.03–2.56 | 32 (52.5) | 0.55 | 0.13–2.41 | 38 (62.3) | 0.21 | 0.02–1.76 | ||||||
| Good | 261 | 184 (70.5) | 0.30 | 0.04–2.43 | 150 (57.5) | 0.68 | 0.17–2.76 | 178 (68.2) | 0.27 | 0.03–2.18 | ||||||
| Unsatisfactory | 9 | 8 (88.9) | 1.00 | Ref. | 6 (66.7) | 1.00 | Ref. | 8 (88.9) | 1.00 | Ref. | ||||||
| Body mass index (BMI) | ||||||||||||||||
| <25 kg/m2 | 149 | 95 (63.8) | 0.64 | 0.33–1.27 | 74 (49.7) | 0.51 | 0.27–0.96 | 90 (60.4) | 0.72 | 0.38–1.38 | ||||||
| ≥25 to <30 kg/m2 | 126 | 99 (78.6) | 1.34 | 0.65–2.78 | 77 (61.1) | 0.81 | 0.42–1.56 | 96 (76.7) | 1.52 | 0.76–3.04 | ||||||
| ≥30 kg/m2 | 56 | 41 (73.2) | 1.00 | Ref. | 37 (66.1) | 1.00 | Ref. | 38 (67.9) | 1.00 | Ref. | ||||||
| Number of chronic diseases | ||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 101 | 72 (71.3) | 1.00 | Ref. | 60 (59.4) | 1.00 | Ref. | 69 (68.3) | 1.00 | Ref. | ||||||
| 1 | 112 | 75 (67.0) | 0.82 | 0.46–1.46 | 56 (50.0) | 0.68 | 0.40–1.18 | 69 (61.6) | 0.74 | 0.42–1.31 | ||||||
| 2 | 47 | 35 (74.5) | 1.18 | 0.54–2.58 | 25 (53.2) | 0.78 | 0.39–1.56 | 32 (68.1) | 0.99 | 0.47–2.08 | ||||||
| ≥3 | 71 | 53 (74.6) | 1.19 | 0.60–2.36 | 47 (66.2) | 1.34 | 0.71–2.52 | 54 (76.1) | 1.47 | 0.74–2.93 | ||||||
| Diseases occurring in the family | ||||||||||||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | ||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 128 | 96 (75.0) | 1.38 | 0.84–2.27 | 79 (61.7) | 1.39 | 0.89–2.18 | 92 (71.9) | 1.38 | 0.85–2.22 | ||||||
| No | 203 | 139 (68.5) | 1.00 | Ref. | 109 (53.7) | 1.00 | Ref. | 132 (65.0) | 1.00 | Ref. | ||||||
| Coronary artery disease | ||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 141 | 110 (78.0) | 1.85 | 1.12–3.04** | 1.66 | 0.98–2.79 | 91 (64.5) | 1.75 | 1.12–2.73** | 1.65 | 1.02–2.66* | 105 (74.5) | 1.74 | 1.08–2.81* | 1.65 | 1.01–2.70* |
| No | 190 | 125 (65.8) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. | 97 (51.1) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. | 119 (62.6) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Neoplastic disease | ||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 150 | 109 (72.7) | 1.16 | 0.72–1.87 | 89 (59.3) | 1.21 | 0.78–1.87 | 108 (72.0) | 1.44 | 0.90–2.30 | ||||||
| No | 181 | 126 (69.6) | 1.00 | Ref. | 99 (54.7) | 1.00 | Ref. | 116 (64.1) | 1.00 | Ref. | ||||||
| Subjective assessment of being overweight or obese | ||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 96 | 76 (79.2) | 1.82 | 1.03–3.19* | 1.92 | 1.07–3.45* | 62 (64.6) | 1.58 | 0.97–2.58** | 1.55 | 0.91–2.63 | 70 (72.9) | 1.42 | 0.84–2.39 | ||
| No | 235 | 159 (67.7) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. | 126 (53.6) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. | 154 (65.5) | 1.00 | Ref. | ||
| Weight loss intention | ||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 179 | 132 (73.7) | 1.34 | 0.83–2.15 | 104 (58.1) | 1.12 | 0.73–1.74 | 127 (70.9) | 1.39 | 0.87–2.20 | ||||||
| No | 152 | 103 (67.8) | 1.00 | Ref. | 84 (55.3) | 1.00 | Ref. | 97 (63.8) | 1.00 | Ref. | ||||||
| Physical activity | ||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 151 | 115 (76.2) | 1.60 | 0.98–2.60* | 1.33 | 0.80–2.23 | 93 (61.6) | 1.44 | 0.92–2.23 | 108 (71.5) | 1.39 | 0.87–2.21 | ||||
| No | 180 | 120 (66.7) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. | 95 (52.8) | 1.00 | Ref. | 116 (64.4) | 1.00 | Ref. | ||||
| Diet | ||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 141 | 96 (68.1) | 0.78 | 0.49–1.26 | 80 (56.7) | 0.99 | 0.64–1.55 | 92 (65.2) | 0.83 | 0.52–1.31 | ||||||
| No | 190 | 139 (73.2) | 1.00 | Ref. | 108 (56.8) | 1.00 | Ref. | 132 (69.5) | 1.00 | Ref. | ||||||
| Medical practice | ||||||||||||||||
| Private | 119 | 83 (69.7) | 1.00 | Ref. | 70 (58.8) | 1.00 | Ref. | 79 (66.4) | 1.00 | Ref. | ||||||
| Public | 212 | 152 (71.7) | 1.10 | 0.67–1.80 | 118 (55.7) | 0.88 | 0.56–1.38 | 145 (68.4) | 1.10 | 0.68–1.77 | ||||||
| Years of work | ||||||||||||||||
| <10 | 118 | 83 (70.3) | 1.00 | Ref. | 63 (53.4) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. | 77 (65.3) | 1.00 | Ref. | ||||
| 10–20 | 105 | 71 (67.6) | 0.88 | 0.50–1.56 | 54 (51.4) | 0.92 | 0.55–1.57 | 0.82 | 0.46–1.46 | 68 (64.8) | 0.98 | 0.56–1.70 | ||||
| >20 | 108 | 81 (75.0) | 1.27 | 0.70–2.28 | 71 (65.7) | 1.68 | 0.98–2.87* | 1.45 | 0.81–2.60 | 79 (73.1) | 1.45 | 0.82–2.56 | ||||
| Number of patient visits during the routine working week | ||||||||||||||||
| ≤100 | 287 | 203 (70.7) | 0.91 | 0.45–1.84 | 161 (56.1) | 0.80 | 0.42–1.54 | 194 (67.6) | 0.97 | 0.49–1.92 | ||||||
| >100 | 44 | 32 (72.7) | 1.00 | Ref. | 27 (61.4) | 1.00 | Ref. | 30 (68.2) | 1.00 | Ref. | ||||||
| Sufficient knowledge and skills to advise patients on healthy lifestyle | ||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 240 | 181 (75.4) | 2.10 | 1.26–3.50** | 1.92 | 1.13–3.28* | 146 (60.8) | 1.81 | 1.11–2.95** | 1.79 | 1.05–3.04* | 175 (72.9) | 2.31 | 1.40–3.81*** | 2.17 | 1.30–3.62** |
| No | 91 | 54 (59.3) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. | 42 (46.2) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. | 49 (53.8) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Making measurements of body weight, height, and BMI | ||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 225 | 172 (75.4) | 2.22 | 1.35–3.63** | 2.18 | 1.30–3.66** | 144 (64.0) | 2.51 | 1.56–4.02*** | 2.54 | 1.54–4.18*** | 162 (72.0) | 1.83 | 1.13–2.96** | 1.75 | 1.06–2.87* |
| No | 106 | 63 (59.4) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. | 44 (41.5) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. | 62 (58.5) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Tobacco smoking | ||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 60 | 45 (75.0) | 1.28 | 0.67–2.42 | 43 (71.7) | 2.20 | 1.19–4.05** | 2.44 | 1.26–4.71** | 46 (76.7) | 1.72 | 0.90–3.28 | ||||
| No | 271 | 190 (70.1) | 1.00 | Ref. | 145 (53.5) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. | 178 (65.7) | 1.00 | Ref. | ||||
| E-cigarette use | ||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 20 | 13 (65.0) | 0.74 | 0.29–1.93 | 12 (60.0) | 1.15 | 0.46–2.89 | 12 (60.0) | 0.70 | 0.28–1.77 | ||||||
| No | 311 | 222 (71.4) | 1.00 | Ref. | 176 (56.6) | 1.00 | Ref. | 212 (68.2) | 1.00 | Ref. | ||||||
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 137 | 96 (70.1) | 0.93 | 0.57–1.50 | 80 (58.4) | 1.12 | 0.72–1.74 | 94 (68.6) | 1.08 | 0.67–1.72 | ||||||
| No | 194 | 139 (71.6) | 1.00 | Ref. | 108 (55.7) | 1.00 | Ref. | 130 (67.0) | 1.00 | Ref. | ||||||
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; Fully-adjusted model, including all statistically significant characteristics. Ref, reference; CI, Confidence interval.