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Representative images of subjects with or without a low airway/lung ratio (ALR) and centrilobular emphysema (CLE). a) A 47-year-old male who did not have a low ALR (0.042) and no CLE. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) was 0.91 and FEV1 % pred was 102%. b) A 49-year-old male presenting with a low ALR (0.033) and mild CLE (circled). FEV1/FVC was 0.74 and FEV1 % pred was 69%, which was lower than that in the subject in a).
