| 1. Reduced arterial flow: |
| 1.1. Embolism: |
| Atheroembolism. |
| Arterial aneurysms. |
| Cardiac or aortic tumour. |
| Myxoma, intimal angiosarcoma of the aorta. |
| Cardiac vegetation. |
| Infectious endocarditis. |
| Non-infectious thrombotic endocarditis. |
| 1.2. Thrombosis: |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome. |
| Neoplasia (acral vascular paraneoplastic syndrome). |
| Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic purpura. |
| Disseminated intravascular coagulation. |
| Cutaneous necrosis caused by anticoagulants. |
| 1.3. Disorders with vasoconstriction: |
| Acrocyanosis. |
| Chilblains. |
| Lupus pernio erythematosus. |
| Medication that causes vasoconstriction. |
| Drugs (cocaine, amphetamines). |
| 1.4. Infectious and non-infectious inflammation: |
| Syphilis, SARS-Cov-2. |
| Purulent infections. |
| Behçet disease. |
| Thromboangiitis obliterans. |
| Other forms of vasculitis. |
| 1.5. Other vascular obstructions: |
| Calcified Vascular disease. Calciphylaxis |
| 2. Reduction of venous return: |
| 2.1. Extensive venous thrombosis: |
| Phlegmasia cerulea dolens and venous gangrene. |
| 3. Changes in blood circulation: |
| 3.1. Hyperviscosity induced by paraproteinemia. |
| 3.2. Ferative myeloproliferative syndromes (polycythaemia vera, essential thrombocythemia). |
| 3.3. Cryofibrinogenemia. |
| 3.4. Cryoglobulinemia. |
| 3.5. Cold agglutinins. |
