Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Participants, compared by infection status.
| Characteristic | Overall N = 148 | COVID-19 N = 10 | Other Infection N = 28 | No Infection N = 110 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 14.92 (13.75, 16.52) | 15.42 (13.81, 16.49) | 14.29 (13.16, 16.10) | 14.95 (13.94, 16.59) | 0.33 |
| Sex | 0.03 | ||||
| Female | 51 (34%) | 1 (10%) | 15 (54%) | 35 (32%) | |
| Male | 97 (66%) | 9 (90%) | 13 (46%) | 75 (68%) | |
| BMI (Missing) | 34 (31, 40) 6 | 33 (32, 43) 0 | 36 (32, 40) 1 | 34 (30, 40) 5 | 0.38 |
| BMI (% for age) (Missing) | 99.06 (98.02, 99.53) 8 | 99.03 (98.82, 99.53) 0 | 99.22 (98.37, 99.57) 1 | 99.00 (97.66, 99.52) 7 | 0.36 |
| Race | 0.62 | ||||
| Hispanic | 10 (6.8%) | 2 (20%) | 3 (11%) | 5 (4.5%) | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 117 (79%) | 8 (80%) | 22 (79%) | 87 (79%) | |
| Non-Hispanic white | 2 (1.4%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (1.8%) | |
| Other | 10 (6.8%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (7.1%) | 8 (7.3%) | |
| White | 9 (6.1%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (3.6%) | 8 (7.3%) | |
| Insurance | 0.62 | ||||
| Private | 40 (27%) | 3 (30%) | 9 (32%) | 28 (25%) | |
| Public | 102 (69%) | 6 (60%) | 18 (64%) | 78 (71%) | |
| Uninsured/Unknown | 6 (4.1%) | 1 (10%) | 1 (3.6%) | 4 (3.6%) | |
| Admission | |||||
| pH | 7.19 (7.13, 7.25) | 7.20 (7.06, 7.24) | 7.19 (7.13, 7.26) | 7.19 (7.13, 7.24) | 0.84 |
| HCO3(mEq/L) (Missing) | 10.0 (7.0, 13.0) 6 | 8.0 (5.2, 10.0) 0 | 11.0 (7.0, 12.5) 1 | 10.0 (7.0, 13.0) 5 | 0.37 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.88 (0.67, 1.32) | 1.04 (0.78, 1.35) | 0.78 (0.59, 1.19) | 0.88 (0.67, 1.37) | 0.36 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 540 (393, 786) | 540 (442, 869) | 525 (385, 602) | 550 (393, 832) | 0.68 |
| Anion gap (Missing) | 22 (19, 26) 6 | 24 (22, 26) 0 | 22 (18, 26) 1 | 22 (19, 26) 5 | 0.74 |
| BOHB (mmol/L) (Missing) | 7.50 (5.50, 8.30) 46 | 6.65 (4.22, 8.10) 2 | 7.69 (5.65, 8.38) 8 | 7.50 (5.80, 8.30) 36 | 0.62 |
| DKA Severity | 0.44 | ||||
| High | 28 (19%) | 4 (40%) | 6 (21%) | 18 (16%) | |
| Mild | 54 (36%) | 2 (20%) | 11 (39%) | 41 (37%) | |
| Moderate | 66 (45%) | 4 (40%) | 11 (39%) | 51 (46%) | |
| Initial admission | 0.06 | ||||
| Floor | 47 (32%) | 0 (0%) | 10 (36%) | 37 (34%) | |
| ICU | 101 (68%) | 10 (100%) | 18 (64%) | 73 (66%) | |
| Hospital length of stay, days | 3.00 (2.45, 3.85) | 4.73 (3.13, 6.82) | 3.01 (2.41, 3.90) | 2.93 (2.38, 3.62) | 0.020 |
| Diabetes | |||||
| HbA1c (Missing) | 12.40 (11.10, 13.90) 9 | 11.60 (10.80, 12.90) 1 | 12.70 (11.10, 14.20) 3 | 12.20 (11.10, 13.90) 5 | 0.21 |
| Discharge basal insulin (Units/kg) | 0.56 (0.50, 0.65) | 0.63 (0.55, 0.74) | 0.54 (0.45, 0.66) | 0.55 (0.50, 0.65) | 0.30 |
Legend: Median (IQR), n (%), BMI: body mass index, HCO3: bicarbonate, BOHB: beta hydroxybutyrate, HbA1c: glycosylated hemoglobin, ICU: intensive care unit, LOS: length of stay, DKA: diabetic ketoacidosis