Table 3.
Baseline characteristics of participants, comparing those who were admitted pre-pandemic (1/2018–2/2020) and those admitted after the start of the pandemic (3/2020–1/2022). Median (IQR); n (%)
| Characteristic | Overall, N = 148 | Pre-Pandemic, N = 31 | Pandemic, N = 117 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 14.92 (13.75, 16.52) | 14.92 (13.94, 16.93) | 14.92 (13.58, 16.33) | 0.46 |
| Sex | 0.47 | |||
| Female | 51 (34%) | 9 (29%) | 42 (36%) | |
| Male | 97 (66%) | 22 (71%) | 75 (64%) | |
| BMI (Missing) | 34 (31, 40) 6 | 35 (31, 40) 0 | 34 (30, 40) 6 | 0.97 |
| BMI (% for age) (Missing) | 99.06 (98.02, 99.53) 8 | 99.22 (98.06, 99.58) 1 | 99.04 (98.01, 99.53) 7 | 0.74 |
| Race | 0.86 | |||
| Hispanic | 10 (6.8%) | 2 (6.5%) | 8 (6.8%) | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 117 (79%) | 24 (77%) | 93 (79%) | |
| Non-Hispanic white | 2 (1.4%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (1.7%) | |
| Other | 10 (6.8%) | 2 (6.5%) | 8 (6.8%) | |
| White | 9 (6.1%) | 3 (9.7%) | 6 (5.1%) | |
| Insurance | 0.11 | |||
| Private | 40 (27%) | 10 (32%) | 30 (26%) | |
| Public | 102 (69%) | 18 (58%) | 84 (72%) | |
| Uninsured/Unknown | 6 (4.1%) | 3 (9.7%) | 3 (2.6%) | |
| Admission Labs | ||||
| pH | 7.19 (7.13, 7.25) | 7.20 (7.15, 7.22) | 7.19 (7.12, 7.25) | 0.94 |
| HCO3 (mEq/L) (Missing) | 10.0 (7.0, 13.0) 6 | 10.0 (7.2, 12.0) 1 | 10.0 (7.0, 13.0) 5 | 0.71 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.88 (0.67, 1.32) | 0.85 (0.70, 1.30) | 0.89 (0.64, 1.31) | 0.90 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 540 (393, 786) | 548 (427, 742) | 539 (373, 790) | 0.72 |
| Anion gap (Missing) | 22 (19, 26) 6 | 22 (20, 25) 1 | 22 (18, 27) 5 | 0.95 |
| BOHB (mmol/L) (Missing) | 7.50 (5.50, 8.30) 46 | 7.56 (6.60, 8.03) 11 | 7.48 (5.31, 8.40) 35 | 0.93 |
| DKA Severity | ||||
| High | 28 (19%) | 3 (9.7%) | 25 (21%) | 0.26 |
| Mild | 54 (36%) | 11 (35%) | 43 (37%) | |
| Moderate | 66 (45%) | 17 (55%) | 49 (42%) | |
| Initial admission | 0.17 | |||
| Floor | 47 (32%) | 13 (42%) | 34 (29%) | |
| ICU | 101 (68%) | 18 (58%) | 83 (71%) | |
| Hospital LOS, days | 3.00 (2.45, 3.85) | 2.88 (2.44, 3.92) | 3.02 (2.46, 3.83) | 0.65 |
| Diabetes | ||||
| HbA1c (Missing) | 12.40 (11.10, 13.90) 9 | 11.60 (11.05, 13.15) 0 | 12.55 (11.10, 13.90) 9 | 0.37 |
| Discharge basal insulin (units/kg) | 0.56 (0.50, 0.65) | 0.54 (0.46, 0.61) | 0.57 (0.50, 0.66) | 0.20 |
Legend: Median (IQR), n (%), BMI: body mass index, HCO3: bicarbonate, BOHB: beta hydroxybutyrate, HbA1c: glycosylated hemoglobin, ICU: intensive care unit, LOS: length of stay, DKA: diabetic ketoacidosis