Table 2.

Associations of positive and negative stress during pregnancy with symptoms of depression and anxiety at 6 weeks post partum

Outcome	Depressive symptoms			Anxiety symptoms
PES-Brief	B (95% CI)*	P value	Adjusted R2	B (95% CI)*	P value	Adjusted R2
Baseline (gestational age ≤22 weeks)
Uplifts frequency	−0.04 (−0.27 to 0.20)	0.756	0.232	−0.07 (−0.28 to 0.13)	0.490	0.238
Hassles frequency	0.04 (−0.12 to 0.19)	0.660	0.232	−0.05 (−0.19 to 0.08)	0.435	0.238
Uplifts intensity	−0.42 (−1.09 to 0.25)	0.217	0.234	−0.27 (−0.85 to 0.31)	0.363	0.238
Hassles intensity	−0.33 (−1.05 to 0.39)	0.367	0.233	−0.24 (−0.86 to 0.38)	0.447	0.238
Frequency ratio (hassles:uplifts)	0.11 (−0.33 to 0.55)	0.633	0.232	−0.06 (−0.31 to 0.44)	0.738	0.237
Intensity ratio (hassles:uplifts)	0.00 (−0.81 to 0.82)	0.990	0.232	−0.02 (−0.72 to 0.68)	0.949	0.237
Third trimester
Uplifts frequency	−0.12 (−0.43 to 0.20)	0.460	0.233	−0.04 (−0.31 to 0.23)	0.778	0.237
Hassles frequency	0.22 (0.09 to 0.36)	0.001	0.246	0.19 (0.08 to 0.30)	0.001	0.250
Uplifts intensity	−0.82 (−1.46 to −0.18)	0.012	0.240	−0.70 (−1.25 to −0.15)	0.013	0.245
Hassles intensity	1.02 (0.36 to 1.67)	0.002	0.244	0.90 (0.34 to 1.47)	0.002	0.249
Frequency ratio (hassles:uplifts)	0.18 (−0.26 to 0.62)	0.433	0.233	0.24 (−0.13 to 0.62)	0.205	0.239
Intensity ratio (hassles:uplifts)	1.40 (0.59 to 2.20)	0.001	0.246	1.26 (0.57 to 1.96)	<0.001	0.235

*Linear regression models were adjusted for intervention group, education level, exposure to any physical violence at baseline and in the third trimester, monthly household income, child sex, child birth weight and preterm birth.

PES-Brief, Pregnancy Experience Scale-Brief Version.