Figure 2.

Genetic correlations and causal associations between the three psychosocial factors and the mental disorders. (A) Genetic correlations between the three psychosocial factors and the mental disorders. (B) Significant overall and independent causal effects of the three factors on the mental disorders. The upper lines are causal effects in the Mendelian randomisation analysis, and the bottom lines are causal effects in the multivariable Mendelian randomisation analysis. The red colour represents positive causal effects, and the blue colour represents negative causal effects. The width of the edges is relative to the absolute value of the effect sizes. AD, alcohol dependence; ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; AN, anorexia nervosa; ANX, anxiety disorder; ASD, autism spectrum disorder; BD, bipolar disorder; EA, educational attainment; INS, insomnia; MDD, major depressive disorder; MR, Mendelian randomisation; OCD, obsessive-compulsive disorder; PD, panic disorder; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; SZ, schizophrenia; TS, Tourette’s syndrome.