Table 2.
Adjusted HR of CVD Mortality According to Usual Percentage of Calories From Added Sugara
| Characteristic | Midvalue of Quintiles of Usual Percentage of Calories From Added Sugar | P Valueb | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (7.4%) |
Q2 (11.4%) |
Q3 (14.8%) |
Q4 (18.7%) |
Q5 (25.2%) |
||
| Range (0-100)/usual percentage, % | 0 to <9.6 | 9.6 to <13.1 | 13.1 to <16.7 | 16.7 to <21.3 | ≥21.3 | |
| HR (95% CI) | ||||||
| Adjusted only for age, sex, race/ethnicity | 1 [Ref] | 1.09 (1.05 to 1.13) | 1.23 (1.12 to 1.34) | 1.49 (1.24 to 1.78) | 2.43 (1.63 to 3.62) | <.001 |
| Fully adjustedc | 1 [Ref] | 1.07 (1.02 to 1.12) | 1.18 (1.06 to 1.31) | 1.38 (1.11 to 1.70) | 2.03 (1.26 to 3.27) | .004 |
| Adjusted NNH at 15-y follow-upd | 265 (166 to 715) | 109 (67 to 297) | 53 (33 to 152) | 22 (13 to 66) | ||
Abbreviations: CVD, cardiovascular disease; HR, hazard ratio; NNH, number needed to harm; Q, quintile; Ref, reference.
Data on US adults 20 years or older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Linked Mortality Files, 1988-2006. There were 831 deaths due to CVD in 11 733 participants (163 039 total person-years).
P value for testing significant association between the usual percentage of calories from added sugar and CVD mortality based on Satterthwaite F test; all tests are 2-tailed.
Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity level, antihypertensive medication use, family history of CVD, Healthy Eating Index score, body mass, systolic blood pressure, total serum cholesterol, and total calories intake.
The NNH was estimated at 15 years of follow-up (15 years was approximately the median follow-up) adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity level, antihypertensive medication use, family history of CVD, healthy eating index score, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total serum cholesterol, and total calories intake.