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. 2023 Aug 1;3:1227071. doi: 10.3389/fepid.2023.1227071

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© 2023 Gwarinda, Tessema, Raman, Greenhouse and Birkholtz.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Within-host diversity described in relation to transmission intensity across the different endemic countries. (A) The violin plots showing full distribution of the data at different MOI values are colour coded to correspond to the associated country. The corresponding box plots show summary statistics (i.e., the median and box indicating the 25th and 75th percentile interquartile ranges; with dots representing potential outliers). (B) Within-host diversity index (1-Fws) describing outbreeding. The corresponding box plots show summary statistics with jitters indicating distribution of individual data points. Pairwise p-values (t-test) of MOI and 1-Fws compared between countries are indicated where, not significant (ns): p > 0.05; *p ≤ 0.05; **P ≤ 0.01; ***p ≤ 0.001; ****p ≤ 0.0001.