Table 3.

Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of surgery for lung cancer patients with tumour stage I–II, or receiving chemo- or radiotherapy only for patients with tumour stage III–IV at diagnosis.

	OR for surgery			OR for chemo- or radiotherapy only
	Stage I–II (n = 691)			Stage III–IV (n = 2,885)
	N of cases	OR	95% CI	N of cases	OR	95% CI
Age at diagnosis
15–54	55	ref	299	ref
55–69	220	1.16	0.59–2.27	799	0.74	0.56–0.96
≥70	170	0.51	0.26–0.99	599	0.34	0.26–0.44
Sex
Men	340	ref	1,331	ref
Women	105	1.60	0.99–2.59	366	0.98	0.80–1.21
Topography
Lower, middle/upper lobe	417	ref	1,243	ref
Main Bronchus	6	0.25	0.08–0.82	145	0.83	0.62–1.11
Site Not Otherwise Specified	22	0.38	0.20–0.74	309	0.79	0.64–0.98
Morphology
Non-small-cell carcinoma	383	ref	1,296	ref
Small-cell carcinoma	54	1.12	0.58–1.87	314	1.26	1.00–1.58
Not Otherwise Specified	8	0.07	0.03–0.15	87	0.20	0.15–0.26
TNM Stage grouping
I	301	ref	–	–
II	144	0.42	0.29–0.60	–	–
III	–		491		ref
IV	–		1,206	1.09	0.91–1.30
Comorbidity a
Absent (0 points)	167	ref
1–2 points	195	0.83	0.54–1.27	–	–
> 2 points	80	0.55	0.33–0.93	–	–
No. (0–1 point)				1,189	ref
≥2 points				484	0.82	0.69–0.98
Unknown	3	2.10	0.28–15.59	14	0.26	0.13–0.54
Country b
Belgium	48	0.62	0.42–0.91	234	1.92	1.55–2.38
Estonia	109	1.82	1.28–2.60	207	0.63	0.53–0.75
Portugal	142	0.69	0.52–0.93	696	0.86	0.75–0.98
Spain	146	1.28	0.94–1.76	560	0.97	0.84–1.12

^a Comorbidity was classified as 0; 1–2; > 2, unknown, in the model analyzing OR of receiving surgery; as 0–1, ≥2, unknown in the model analyzing OR of receiving medical treatment only.

^b Reference: mean of the four countries. Switzerland was not included in these models, as comorbidity data were not available.