Table 1.
Clinical characteristics.
| Non-diabetes | Diabetes | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 12,747 | 829 | |
| Age (years) | 56 ± 16 | 66 ± 11 | <0.001 |
| Women | 6,912 (54%) | 314 (38%) | <0.001 |
| Smoking | - | - | <0.001 |
| Never smokers | 6,120 (48%) | 312 (38%) | - |
| Previous smokers | 4,259 (34%) | 366 (44%) | - |
| Current smokers | 2,328 (18%) | 149 (18%) | - |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.0 ± 4.9 | 30.8 ± 5.5 | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 133 ± 19 | 138 ± 18 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 79 ± 8 | 80 ± 8 | 0.03 |
| Blood oxygen saturation (%) | 97.2 ± 1.7 | 96.4 ± 1.6 | <0.001 |
| Pre-diabetes | 766 (6%) | - | - |
| Known diabetes | - | 713 (86%) | - |
| Screen-detected diabetes | - | 116 (14%) | - |
| HbA1C (mmol/mol) | 36 ± 4 | 54 ± 13 | - |
| HbA1C (%) | 5.4 ± 0.3 | 7.1 ± 1.2 | - |
| Blood glucose (mmol/L) | 5.8 ± 1.0 | 8.9 ± 3.4 | - |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate (ml min−1 1.73 m−2) | 93 ± 16 | 86 ± 19 | <0.001 |
| Urine albumin creatinine ratio (mg/g creatinine) | 8 [1–16] | 17 [8–42] | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (mmol/mol) | 8.8 ± 0.7 | 8.8 ± 0.8 | 0.93 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.9 ± 0.9 | 2.2 ± 1 | <0.001 |
| Coronary artery disease | 304 (2%) | 80 (10%) | <0.001 |
| Kidney disease | 134 (1%) | 35 (4%) | <0.001 |
| Insulin treatment | - | 170 (21%) | - |
| Other diabetes medication | - | 536 (65%) | - |
| Iron supplement | 647 (5%) | 67 (8%) | <0.001 |
| Cholesterol lowering medication | 1,503 (12%) | 509 (62%) | <0.001 |
Shown are means ± SD's, n (%) and medians [Q1; Q3]. HbA1C, Hemoglobin A1C. P-values from unpaired t-tests or chi-squared tests.