Table 3.

Results of critical appraisal.

First author (year)	Purpose/objective stated	Audience stated	Time horizon stated	Types of costs included are specified/defined	If pilot or demonstration program, startup vs non-startup costs defined	If incremental costing, assumptions about health system capacity described	Scope of inputs estimated defined, including boundaries/exclusion criteria	Method for measuring/estimating each input defined	Data source used to measure units described	Data source used for prices stated	Depreciation approach stated	Currency, including any conversions or inflation, reported	Variation in costs and drivers of variation reported	Uncertainty of estimates characterized	Cost estimates communicated	Delivery strategy stated	Phase when costing was done stated	Standalone vs joint delivery stated	Sampling method described	Perspective stated	Prospective vs retrospective stated	Full vs incremental costing stated	Financial costs	Economic costs	Target population defined
Alonso et al. (2019)	S	S	S	Yes	D	D	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	S	S	S	ND	S	S	S	Included	Included	D
Asfaw (2017)	S	S	S	Yes	ND	D	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	S	S	NS	ND	S	NS	S	Included	Included	D
Brennan et al. (2022)	S	S	S	Yes	N/A	D	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	S	S	NS	D	S	S	S	Included	Included	D
Hidle et al. (2018)	S	S	S	Yes	D	D	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	S	S	S	D	S	S	S	Included	Included	D
Hidle et al. (2022)	S	S	S	Yes	N/A	D	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	S	S	NS	D	S	S	S	Included	Included	D
Hsiao et al. (2023)	S	S	NS	Yes	N/A	D	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	S	S	NS	ND	S	S	S	Included	Included	D
Levin et al. (2013)	S	S	S	Yes	D	D	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	S	S	NS	D	S	NS	S	Included	Included	D
Moodley et al. (2016)	S	S	NS	Yes	ND	ND	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	S	S	S	ND	NS	S	S	Included	Included	D
Mvundura et al. (2023)	S	S	S	Yes	N/A	D	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	S	S	NS	D	S	S	S	Included	Included	D
Ngabo et al. (2015)	S	S	S	Yes	D	D	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	S	S	S	ND	S	S	S	Included	Included	D
Quentin et al. (2012)	S	S	S	Yes	D	ND	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	S	S	S	D	S	S	S	Included	Included	D
Riewpaiboon et al. (2019)	S	S	S	Yes	D	D	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	S	S	NS	D	S	S	S	Included	Included	D
Simuyemba et al. (2023)	S	S	NS	Yes	N/A	ND	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	S	S	NS	ND	NS	NS	S	Included	Included	D
Soi et al. (2019)	S	S	S	Yes	D	D	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	S	S	NS	D	S	S	NS	Not included	Not included	D
Van Minh et al. (2017)	S	S	NS	Yes	D	ND	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	NS	S	S	ND	S	NS	NS	Included	Not included	D

Abbreviations: S = stated, NS = not stated, D = defined or described, ND = not defined or not described.