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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Mar 4.
Published in final edited form as: J Psychosom Res. 2021 Oct 28;151:110654. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110654

Table 1.

Risk factors and potential causes of SIADH.

Age ≥60 years old
Sex Female gender
Nutritional status Low Body Weight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2)
Baseline Na History of hyponatremia ([Na+] <135 mEq/L)
Medications CNS Active Drugs Antipsychotics, Antidepressants, Amphetamines, Carbamazepine, Oxcarbazepine, Valproate, Opiates, Barbiturates, Nicotine, Bromocriptine
Other Drugs Amiodarone, Ciprofloxacin, Vincristine, Vinorelbine, Vinblastine, Cisplatin, Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide, Sulfonylureas, Interferons-alpha/gamma, NSAIDs, Methotrexate
CNS disorders CVA, infection, TBI, hemorrhagea, MS, lupus cerebritis, epilepsy, hydrocephalus, encephalitis, meningitis
Malignancies Lung (especially small cell carcinoma), gastrointestinal, head & neck, genitourinary, sarcomas, lymphomas and neuroblastomas
Pulmonary Disorders Bacterial/viral infection, bronchial asthma, atelectasis, acute respiratory failure, pneumothorax, positive pressure ventilation, tuberculosis, aspergillosis, COPD, pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis
Major surgery Abdominal, thoracic, brain
Hormone administration or deficiency Vasopressin, desmopressin, oxytocin
Other AIDSa, Malaria, Rocky Mountain Fever, Hereditary SIADH, smoking
a

These and other conditions may be associated with salt or volume depletion. Further discussion is beyond the scope of this article. Nephrology consultation is indicated in such conditions where hyponatremia is life threatening.