Table 6.

Different coping styles in relation to healthy and unhealthy coping mechanisms[40]

	Healthy coping or adaptive strategies	Unhealthy coping or maladaptive
Emotion-focused coping style	• Ventilation of emotion • Evaluation of problem • Positive reappraisal of the problem • Meditation and breathing exercises • Humor • Positive thinking • Writing journal	• Business • Failing to talk about emotions • Toxic positivity: an unhealthy way of looking at something good in a bad situation
Problem-focused coping style	• Obtaining information or advice • Planning • Solving problem • Confrontation	• Overanalyzing and incisiveness
Meaning-focused coping style	• Finding good in a bad situation	• Overthinking
Social coping (support-seeking)	• Taking help from friends • Speaking with a counselor	• Isolation • Venting
Avoidance-focused coping style	• Controlled distraction	• Substance misuse or smoking • Denial and disengagement • Overspending money without thinking • Overeating • Harming oneself