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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Mar 4.
Published in final edited form as: FASEB J. 2021 Dec;35(12):e22063. doi: 10.1096/fj.202101401RR

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

The Impact of Intervention on the Water- and Lipid-Soluble Choline Metabolome Across Pregnancy. Pregnant persons were randomized to 550 versus 25 mg of choline supplementation throughout the 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Choline, betaine, dimethylglycine, methionine, TMAO, phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidylcholine were measured via liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in fasting plasma samples taken at Visit 1 (GW 12–16), Visit 2 (GW 20–24), and Visit 3 (GW 28–32), and in Delivery blood samples obtained at parturition. Metabolites were analyzed using mixed linear models to assess the impact of intervention; statistically significant differences between intervention groups at each time point are indicated with a *(p < .05; following Tukey’s Post-hoc Adjustment)