TABLE 1.
Participant demographics and self-reported nutrient intakes1
| Variables | Control (n = 15) | Intervention (n = 15) | p-Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age (y) | 30.5 ± 4.1 | 32.9 ± 3.4 | .09 | |||
| Race (n Caucasian) | 15 | 13 | .48 | |||
| Education level (n) | .71 | |||||
| High school | 7 | 5 | ||||
| Bachelor’s degree or higher | 8 | 10 | ||||
| Pre-pregnancy weight (lb) | 150 ± 27 | 136 ± 17 | .11 | |||
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 25 ± 4 | 22 ± 2 | .03 | |||
| Self-reported dietary intakes 2 | ||||||
| Visit 1 | Follow-up | Visit 1 | Follow-up | Visit 1 | Follow-up | |
| Choline (mg/d) | 364 ± 117 | 377 ± 112 | 320 ± 185 | 353 ± 66 | .54 | .08 |
| Folate (DFE; μg/d) | 577 ± 329 | 686 ± 223 | 626 ± 229 | 580 ± 190 | .29 | .20 |
| Vitamin B12 (μg/d) | 4.4 ± 3.0 | 4.5 ± 2.4 | 4.1 ± 2.1 | 4.7 ± 2.3 | .30 | .86 |
1
Values are mean ± SD.
2
Values are median ± SD. Between-group difference was determined by using unequal variance T-test for continuous variables and Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables. p < .05 is considered significant.