TABLE 1.
Demographic characteristics of study sample by racism and shame level (low vs. high)
| Past year racism |
Entire life racism |
Stress appraisal |
Shame |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low | High | Low | High | Low | High | Low | High | |
|
| ||||||||
| Demographics | ||||||||
| Age [M (SD)] | 19.07 (1.34) | 19.76 (1.20) | 19.11 (1.41) | 19.86 (1.03) | 19.13 (1.30) | 19.71 (1.26) | 19.60 (1.30) | 19.23 (1.31) |
| Black/African American [n (%)] | 15 (93.75%) | 12 (66.66%) | 16 (88.88%) | 11 (73.33%) | 13 (81.25%) | 14 (82.36%) | 14 (82.36%) | 13 (81.25%) |
| African [n (%)] | 1 (6.25%) | 3 (16.67%) | 1 (5.56%) | 2 (13.33%) | 1 (6.25%) | 2 (11.76%) | 1 (5.88%) | 2 (12.50%) |
| Afro Latino [n (%)] | 1 (5.56%) | 1 (6.67%) | 1 (6.25%) | 1 (5.88%) | ||||
| Biracial [n (%)] | 2 (11.11%) | 1 (5.56%) | 1 (6.67%) | 1 (6.25%) | 1 (5.88%) | 1 (5.88%) | 1 (6.25%) | |
| Heterosexual [n (%)] | 13 (81.25%) | 17 (100%) | 16 (88.90%) | 14 (93.33%) | 14 (87.50%) | 16 (94.12%) | 15 (88.24%) | 15 (93.75%) |
| Homosexual [n (%)] | 1 (6.25%) | 1 (5.55%) | 0 | 1 (6.25%) | 1 (5.88%) | 0 | ||
| Bisexual [n (%)] | 2 (12.50%) | 1 (5.55%) | 1 (6.67%) | 1 (6.25%) | 1 (5.88%) | 1 (5.88%) | 1 (6.25%) | |
| Study variables | ||||||||
| Past year racism [M (SD) | 1.50 (0.32) | 2.67 (0.62) | 1.72 (0.45) | 2.55 (0.83)** | 1.76 (0.53) | 2.41 (0.83) | 1.94 (0.69) | 2.23 (0.82) |
| Entire life racist [M (SD)] | 2.05 (0.76) | 3.20 (1.05)*** | 1.92 (0.47) | 3.51 (0.89)** | 1.97 (0.56) | 3.28 (1.01)** | 2.36 (0.76) | 2.89 (1.23) |
| Stress appraisal [M (SD)] | 2.62 (1.07) | 3.90 (1.13)*** | 2.59 (1.08) | 4.11 (0.94)** | 2.27 (0.66) | 4.26 (0.87)*** | 2.84 (1.10) | 3.68 (1.31)* |
| Shame [M (SD)] | 31.71 (18.83) | 40.24 (16.63)*** | 32.47 (4.48) | 40.41 (15.44) | 29.18 (17.56) | 42.76 (16.21)*** | 20.41 (8.38) | 51.47 (9.43)** |
| Perceived stress [M (SD)] | 29.06 (4.92) | 32.25 (5.39) | 29.68 (1.08) | 31.85 (6.03) | 29.59 (4.67) | 31.69 (5.91)** | 29.65 (4.85) | 31.63 (5.77) |
| Self-esteem [M (SD)] | 3.27 (0.72) | 3.10 (0.88) | 3.18 (0.71) | 3.18 (0.93) | 3.18 (0.71) | 3.19 (0.91) | 3.15 (0.79) | 3.22 (0.83) |
| Body Mass index [M (SD)] | 23.40 (3.29) | 24.26 (6.13) | 24.47 (5.05) | 23.03 (4.66) | 24.78 (5.81) | 22.88 (3.63) | 24.09 (4.22) | 23.57 (5.55) |
Note: Pearson’s x2 and independent samples t-tests were conducted to test for between group differences among categorical and continuous variables, respectively.
*
p < 0.05
**
p < 0.01
***
p < 0.01.