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. 2024 Mar 5;2024(3):CD007491. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007491.pub3
Psychological health
Study Outcomes Results
admission avoidance ‐ cognitive function/well being
Caplan 1999 Mental status questionnaire score from admission to discharge (maximum score 10);
Number with confusion Mean (SEM)
T= 0.43 (0.12), C= 0.27 (0.12), NS
Number with confusion
T=0/51, C=10/49
Echevarria 2018 Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale score (HADS) Number analysed: T=60; C=58
HADS ‐ Anxiety, 14 day (IQR), median unit change from baseline
T = ‐1.0 (‐3 to 1.75)
C = 0.5 (‐3 to 2)
HADS ‐ Anxiety, 90 day (IQR), median unit change from baseline
T = 0 (‐2 to 3)
C = 0 (‐3 to 2)
HADS ‐ Depression, 14 day (IQR), median unit change from baseline
T = ‐1.0 (‐3 to 1)
C = 0 (‐2 to 3)
HADS ‐ Depression, 90 day (IQR), median unit change from baseline
T = ‐0.5 (‐3 to 1.25)
C = 0 (‐2 to 3)
Ricauda 2004 Change in geriatric Depression Scale score (range 0‐30)
higher scores indicate depression (people recovering from a stroke) At 6 months, median IQR
T=10 (5 to 15), C=17 (13 to 20) p<0.001
Ricauda 2008 Change in geriatric Depression Scale score (range 0‐30)
higher scores indicate depression (people with COPD) At 6 months, mean (SD)
T= ‐3.1 (4.7), C=0.7 (3.2), P < 0.001
Shepperd 2021 Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score (range 0‐30)
Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) (Y/N for delirium)		 At 6 months (%)
T: Abnormal (score of <26): 273/407 (67.1)
Normal (score of >=26): 134/183 (32.9)
C: Abnormal: 115 (62.8)
Normal: 68 (37.2)
Adjusted RR (95% CI): 1.06 (0.93, 1.21)
P = 0.36
CAM (presence/absence of delirium) (%)
3 days
T = 25/645 (3.9)
C = 11/312 (3.5)
RR: 1.12 (0.54, 2.29)
P=0.76
5 days
T = 17/638 (2.7)
C = 9/308 (3.0)
RR: 0.93 (0.34, 2.47)
P=0.87
1 month
T = 10/602 (1.7)
C = 13/297 (4.4)
Relative risk: 0.38 (0.19, 0.76)
P=0.006
Tibaldi 2009 Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE)
Geriatric Depression Scale		 At 6 months, mean change (SD)
T= +0.07 (1.38), C= +0.08 (1.36), P = 0.97
At 6 months, mean change (SD)
T= +1.48 (1.86), C= +0.12 (3.36), P = 0.02
Wilson 1999 Philadelphia Geriatric Morale Scale At 3 months, median (IQR)
T= 37 (30‐42), C= 37 (31‐43), Difference 0, 95% CI ‐4.1 to 4.1