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. 2024 Mar 4;15:1962. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-46023-2

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Top left: Measurement of tractograms from participants with brain imaging data in the UK Biobank. Top middle: genomic locations of common genetic variants associated with structural connectivity, with chromosomes in ascending order (first row: chr1-8; second row: chr9-16; third row: chr17-22 and chrX). 30 independent variants were genome-wide significant after Bonferroni correction for the 206 structural connectivity measures studied (dark blue), and 96 more reached nominal genome-wide significance (light blue). Top right: the 30 variants cluster into four broad patterns of spatial association: corticothalamic and interhemispheric (3 variants), corticothalamic only (1 variant), interhemispheric only (8 variants), and spatially diffuse (18 variants). Heatmaps denote the median effect size magnitude (|β | ) of variants with each pattern on each of the 206 structural connectivity measures. Bottom left: heritability (h²), polygenicity (π), and selection parameter (S) for each of the 206 measures. Bottom middle and right: heritability enrichments for regions with increased chromatin accessibility in each of 6 adult brain cell types, and genetic correlations with 15 brain-related traits. Bars show maximums across the 206 measures; red/blue bars are significant after Bonferroni correction. OPC oligodendrocyte progenitor cell, ADHD attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, disord. disorder. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals.