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. 2024 Feb 20;14:1294383. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1294383

Table 2.

Univariate Cox proportional hazards analysis.

Subgroup Univariate analysis
HR (95%CI)
P-value
Sequence number
 Single primary Reference (1)
 1st of two or more primaries 0.40 (0.39, 0.42) <0.01
 2nd of two or more primaries 0.86 (0.84, 0.87) <0.01
Sex
 Male Reference (1)
 Female 0.87 (0.86, 0.89) <0.01
Age
 < 75 years Reference (1)
 ≥ 75 years 1.33 (1.31, 1.35) <0.01
Race
 White Reference (1)
 Black 1.08 (1.05, 1.10) <0.01
 Others(a) 1.00 (0.98, 1.03) 0.92
Grade
 Grade 1(b) Reference (1)
 Grade 2(c) 1.14 (1.12, 1.16) <0.01
 Unknown 1.49 (1.46, 1.51) <0.01
Primary site
 Main bronchus Reference (1)
 Lung lobe 0.67 (0.65, 0.69) <0.01
 Others(d) 1.11 (1.08, 1.15) <0.01
Historic stage
 Localized Reference (1)
 Regional 1.51 (1.48, 1.54) <0.01
 Distant 3.34 (3.26, 3.41) <0.01
 Unknown 1.85 (1.81, 1.88) <0.01
Regional nodes
 Not examined Reference (1)
 Negative 0.38 (0.37, 0.39) <0.01
 Positive 0.65 (0.64, 0.66) <0.01
Laterality
 Right Reference (1)
 Left 0.95 (0.94, 0.97) <0.01
 Others(e) 1.78 (1.72, 1.85) <0.01
Marital status
 Partnered(f) Reference (1)
 Alone(g) 1.13 (1.11, 1.14) <0.01
 Unknown 1.10 (1.06, 1.14) <0.01
Radiation
 Yes Reference (1)
 No 1.37 (1.29, 1.46) <0.01
 Unknown 0.74 (0.73, 0.75) <0.01
Surgery
 Yes Reference (1)
 No 3.05 (3.00, 3.10) <0.01
 Unknown 3.42 (3.31, 3.53) <0.01
Chemotherapy
 Yes Reference (1)
 No 1.06 (1.05, 1.08) <0.01
Year of diagnosis
 1975–1989 Reference (1)
 1990–2004 0.93 (0.92, 0.95) <0.01
 2005–2019 0.79 (0.78, 0.81) <0.01
Months between diagnosis and treatment
 < 1 month Reference (1)
 1 month 0.97 (0.96, 0.99) <0.01
 > 2 months 0.79 (0.78, 0.81) <0.01
 Unknown 2.31 (2.27, 2.35) <0.01

(a) American Indian/AK Native, Asian/Pacific Islander. (b) Well- and moderately-differentiated cancers. (c) Poorly-differentiated, undifferentiated, and anaplastic cancers. (d) Other primary sites included C34.8 (overlapping lung lesions) and C34.9 (lung, not otherwise specified). (e) Bilateral single primaries and unpaired sites, single unspecified side, and paired sites without information about laterality. (f) Married individuals and those with a domestic partner. (g) Divorced, separated, single (never married), and widowed individuals.