Table 1.
Participant characteristics of the three study populations
| HOC | Frail | HYC | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 15 | 15 | 15 |
| Age (years) | 73 (66–82) | 76 (59–95) | 29 (25–32) |
| Sex (male/female) | 6/9 | 4/11 | 8/7 |
| Laboratory data | |||
| ESR mm/h | 10 (3–28) | 10 (1–34) | 4 (1–15)a |
| Hb mmol/L | 9.0 (7.6–10.2) | 8.7 (7.2–9.7) | 9.2 (7.8–10.3) |
| PBMCs (10^9)/L | 2.5 (1.5–3.6) | 2.1 (1.4–3.8) | 2.6 (1.5–3.3) |
| Monocytes (10^9)/L | 0.56 (0.24–0.82) | 0.55 (0.22–0.73) | 0.41 (0.21–0.64)a |
| CMV serostatus (pos/neg) | 9/6 | 12/3 | 5/10 |
| TFI | n = 15 | n = 15 | |
| Total score | 0 (0–1) | 6 (4–11)a | – |
| Physical score | 0 (0–1) | 3 (1–7)a | – |
| Psychological score | 0 (0–1) | 3 (0–3)a | – |
| Social score | 0 (0–1) | 2 (0–3)a | – |
| Fried frailty phenotype | n = 15 | n = 10 | – |
| 0 (0–0) | 0.5 (0–4)a | – | |
| GFI | n = 15 | n = 15 | |
| Total score | 0 (0–3) | 4 (0–9)a | – |
| Physical score | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–4) | – |
| Mental score | 0 (0–3) | 3 (0–6)a | – |
| SF-36 | |||
| Physical functioning | 95 (70–100) | 75 (40–100)a | – |
| Role of physical limitations | 100 (50–100) | 100 (0–100) | – |
| Role of emotional limitations | 100 (100–100) | 67 (0–100)a | – |
| Energy/fatigue | 85 (70–100) | 65 (35–90)a | – |
| Emotional well-being | 84 (68–100) | 64 (32–92)a | – |
| Social functioning | 100 (62.5–100) | 75 (50–100)a | – |
| Pain | 100 (45–100) | 67.5 (25–100)a | – |
| General health | 70 (55–95) | 60 (35–95)a | – |
| HAQ damage index | n = 9 | n = 13 | – |
| 0 (0–0.56) | 0.28 (0–2)a | – | |
Values are given as median and total range. Laboratory data were measured on the XN-9000 (Sysmex, Kobe, Japan), including the diff values for monocytes and PBMCs (lymphocytes+monocytes). Statistically significant differences, tested by the Mann–Whitney U test, of the Frail or HYC groups compared to the HOC group are indicated by ‘a’.
HOC Healthy control, HYC Healthy young control, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Hb hemoglobin, PBMCs peripheral blood mononuclear cells, CMV cytomegalovirus, TFI Tilburg Frailty Indicator, GFI Groningen Frailty Indicator, SF-36: Short Form 36, HAQ Health Assessment Questionnaire.