Table 2.
The incidence of complications following rubber band ligation of haemorrhoids with and without local anaesthetic
| Post-procedural complications reported as: number (proportion) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First author |
Rectal bleeding |
Infection/sepsis |
Urinary retention |
Vasovagal symptoms |
Nausea | Tenesmus |
| Baloch (n = 60) | ||||||
| Control | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Intervention | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Total | 7 (12%) | - | - | - | - | - |
| Gokalp (n = 142) | ||||||
| Control | 10 (14%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (8%) | 13 (18%) | 6 (8%) | 19 (26%) |
| Intervention | 9 (13%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (16%) | 14 (20%) | 7 (10%) | 16 (23%) |
| Total | 19 (13%) | 0 (0%) | 11 (8%) | 27 (19%) | 13 (9%) | 35 (25%) |
| Hooker (n = 73) | ||||||
| Control | 16 (52%) | - | 8 (26%) | 14 (45%) | 13 (42%) | - |
| Intervention | 23 (55%) | - | 13 (31%) | 15 (36%) | 10 (24%) | - |
| Total | 39 (53%) | - | 21 (29%) | 29 (40%) | 23 (32%) | - |
| Kwok (n = 72) | ||||||
| Control | - | - | - | 5 (16%) | - | - |
| Intervention | - | - | - | 7 (18%) | - | - |
| Total | - | - | - | 12 (17%) | - | - |
| Law (n = 101) | ||||||
| Control | - | 0 (0%) | - | - | - | - |
| Intervention | - | 0 (0%) | - | - | - | - |
| Total | 4 (4%) | 0 (0%) | - | - | - | 1 (1%) |
| Sharma (n = 35) | ||||||
| Control | - | - | - | 4 (24%) | - | - |
| Intervention | - | - | - | 0 (0%) | - | - |
| Total | - | - | - | 4 (11%) | - | - |
‘-’ denotes data not reported by study. Hooker et al. used both placebo and non-placebo control groups; only data for non-placebo group is shown. Williams et al. did not report any safety data and is therefore not included in the table