Table 3.
Predictive factors for frailty identified by univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis
| Univariable logistic regression analysis | Multivariable logistic regression analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude OR | 95% CI | p value | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | p value | |
| Age (years) | 1.107 | 1.06–1.16 | <0.001 | – | – | – |
| Male sex | 2.780 | 1.49–5.20 | 0.001 | – | – | – |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 1.068 | 1.02–1.12 | 0.008 | 1.066 | 1.007–1.129 | 0.028 |
| MNA-SF score | 0.824 | 0.74–0.92 | 0.001 | |||
| Hand-grip strength (kg) | 0.071 | 0.03–0.19 | <0.001 | – | – | – |
| Usual gait speed (m/sec) | 1.854 | 1.59–2.17 | <0.001 | – | – | – |
| CRP (mg/l) | 1.010 | 1.00–1.02 | 0.137 | – | – | – |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 0.685 | 0.58–0.81 | <0.001 | 0.772 | 0.635–0.939 | 0.010 |
| Thickness of RF (mm) | 0.868 | 0.78–0.97 | 0.011 | – | – | – |
| CSA of RF (mm2) | 0.785 | 0.64–0.97 | 0.025 | – | – | – |
| Muscle stiffness (kPa) | 0.999 | 0.96–1.04 | 0.968 | |||
| Fascicle length (mm) | 0.973 | 0.93–1.01 | 0.186 | – | – | – |
| Pennation angle (degree) | 0.724 | 0.63–0.83 | <0.001 | 0.826 | 0.703–0.970 | 0.019 |
| Echogenicity | 1.930 | 0.84–4.43 | 0.120 | – | – | – |
Bolds are statistically significant values
BMI: Body mass index, MNA-SF: Mini nutritional assessment short form, CRP:C-reactive protein, RF: Rectus femoris muscle, CSA: Cross sectional area