Table 2.

Fitted values of parameters for the latency functions of Kocher et al. [4] and Ulanowski et al. [7] as given by Eqs. (1) and (2), estimated by least squares from stochastic model, with given rates of malignant cell division by endpoint (values from Table 1).

Endpoint	Subtypes	Implied malignant cell division rate (G) (/cell/year)	Latency function of Kocher et al. [4] (see Eq.(1))		Latency function of Ulanowski et al. [7] (see Eq.(2))		Reference
			μ	S	μ	η
Leukaemia	Childhood ALL	63.292	0.376	0.016	0.375	23.806	Frei and Freireich [61]
	Adult AML	14.892	1.499	0.067	1.497	22.361	Gregory et al. [62]
Lung cancer	Squamous cell carcinoma and other non-adenocarcinoma	3.247a	6.407	0.308	6.398	20.840	Geddes [63] and Obayashi et al. [64]
	Adenocarcinoma	1.271a	15.628	0.787	15.602	19.904
Breast cancer		1.987b	10.223	0.503	10.208	20.350	Ryu et al. [65], Spratt et al. [66], Kusama et al. [67] and Weedon-Fekjær et al. [68]
Colorectal		3.427c	6.086	0.292	6.077	20.894	Bolin et al. [45], Burke et al. [46] and Knudsen et al. [47]
Prostate		0.576d	21.110	1.735	21.020	12.209	Egawa et al. [17], D’Amico and Hanks [42] and Schmid et al. [18]
Hepatocellular carcinoma		1.808	11.182	0.553	11.164	22.256	Nathani et al. [69]
Thyroid		0.629e	19.485	1.590	19.403	12.317	Oh et al. [38], Miyauchi et al. [39] and Kihara et al. [40]
Head and neck		4.150	5.072	0.241	5.064	21.085	Jensen et al. [70]
Oropharyngeal		2.637	7.810	0.379	7.798	22.931	Waaijer et al. [71]

In all cases except prostate and thyroid we assume the limiting malignancy number of N_lim = 10⁹ with the implied rate of detection of cancer/malignant cell/year of 2.9957 × 10⁻⁹, but for prostate and thyroid we assume the limiting malignancy number of N_lim = 10⁶ with the implied rate of detection of cancer/malignant cell/year of 2.9957 × 10^–6.

ALL acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, AML acute myeloid leukaemia.

^aMean of values of G derived from studies of Geddes [63] and Obayashi et al. [64].

^bMean of values of G derived from studies of Ryu et al. [65], Spratt et al. [66], Kusama et al. [67] and Weedon-Fekjær et al. [68].

^cMean of values of G derived from studies of Bolin et al. [45], Burke et al. [46] and Knudsen et al. [47].

^dMean of values of G derived from study of Egawa et al. [17] and D’Amico and Hanks [42] and separate estimates for clinically-confined and non-organ confined cases from study of Schmid et al. [18].

^eMean of values of G derived from studies of Oh et al. [38], Miyauchi et al. [39] and Kihara et al. [40].