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. 2024 Feb 20;12:1203381. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1203381

Table 2.

Quantitative levels of trace elements grouped by intertwin birthweight discordance.

Element/Units Total (n = 60) IBWD≥20% (n = 21) IBWD<20% (n = 39) t/Z p
% of detection Mean ± SD Median (IQR) Median (IQR) Median (IQR)
M_Tl/ng/L 84.62 107.197 ± 244.239 26.085 (20.528) 42.214 (750.965) 21.440 (13.737) 3.054 0.002
UL_Sr/μg/L 100 19.519 ± 6.230 20.244 (5.837) 16.768 (10.786) 21.141 (5.874) 2.599 0.013
UL_Tl//ng/L 47.73 85.511 ± 226.776 14.372 (8.758) 23.804 (759.842) 13.455 (6.451) 3.150 0.002
US_Cr/μg/L 100 0.686 ± 0.660 0.491 (0.366) 0.393 (0.185) 0.578 (0.336) −2.393 0.017
US_Sr/μg/L 100 19.622 ± 6.323 20.134 (7.332) 16.532 (12.687) 21.384 (6.990) 2.157 0.048
PL_I/μg/kg 100 115.897 ± 216.627 54.227 (93.957) 80.449 (72.726) 35.491 (74.444) 2.474 0.013
PL_Sr/μg/kg 100 203.153 ± 322.026 92.569 (127.169) 72.681 (57.112) 108.566 (125.259) −2.602 0.009
PL_V/μg/kg 93.22 0.591 ± 0.635 0.341 (0.715) 0.846 (1.256) 0.290 (0.430) 2.618 0.009
PS_Mo/μg/kg 100 11.603 ± 5.119 10.652 (6.019) 8.783 (4.932) 11.036 (7.254) −3.198 0.001
PS_Pb/μg/kg 100 12.937 ± 8.437 10.611 (8.022) 8.093 (4.153) 12.162 (9.104) −2.319 0.020
PD_Mo/μg/kg 100 1.044 ± 8.260 0.317 (5.771) 1.149 (7.016) −0.440 (6.512) 2.485 0.013

IBWD, intertwin birthweight discordance; M, maternal blood; UL, umbilical cord blood of larger twin; US, umbilical cord blood of smaller twin; PL, placenta of larger twin; PS, placenta of smaller twin; PD, differences of trace elements in placenta of twins (PL-PS); Tl, thallium; Sr, strontium; Cr, chromium; V, vanadium; I, iodine; Mo, molybdenum; Pb, lead.