Fig. 2.

Selected tools employed for immunogenicity risk assessment. A In silico approaches are available for computational prediction of mAb immunogenicity risk. In silico tools are often employed for lead candidate selection, followed by further optimization of the drug candidate. B Some tools are specific to characterizing mAb internalization, presentation, and dendritic cell (DC) activation, such as antigen presenting cell (APC) internalization and DC activation assays as well as MHC-associated peptide proteomics (MAPPs) assays. C Some tools are specific to identify T cell response. The tools listed include enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) and flow cytometry-based methods that measure T cell activation and proliferation