Table 2.
Membrane-based metal threads analytical results.
| Museum’s assignment | Sample | Wrapped strip | Strip thickness (µm) | Gilt-silver leaf coating | Strip Substrate | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Manufacture | Date | Strip Twist | Plant fiber core color | Core Twist/yarns | Ag:Au ratio (wt%) | Membrane species | Assumed Binder/Adhesive | ||
| Spain | 12th-13th c | 6372 | S | Ecru | S/2-ply | 30–35 | n.a | Cattle | |
| 13th c | 1902-1-240_1 | S | White | S/2-ply | n.a | n.a | Cattle | ||
| 1902-1-240_2 | 15–25 | 14:1 | n.a | ||||||
| 1902-1-241a_2 | S | Ecru | S/2-ply | 10–20 | 14:1 | n.a | |||
| 1902-1-241a_3 | n.a | n.a | Cattle | ||||||
| 1902-1-253a_1 | S | Ecru | S/2-ply | n.a | 3:1 | Cattle | |||
| 1902-1-253a_2 | 15–25 | n.a | Cattle | Not-protein based | |||||
| Italy | 13th c | 1902-1-227_1 | S/ S and Z | Ecru | S/2-ply | 10–15 | n.a | Cattle | |
| 1902-1-227_2 | n.a | 36:1 | n.a | ||||||
| 14th c | 1902-1-250_1 | S | Ecru | S/2-ply | n.a | n.a | Cattle | ||
| 1902-1-250_2 | 10–15 | 14.5:1 | Cattle | ||||||
| 1902-1-257b_1 | S | Ecru | S/2-ply | n.a | 15.5:1 | Cattle | |||
| 1902-1-257d_2 | S | Ecru | S/2-ply | n.a | 10.5:1 | Cattle | |||
| 1902-1-257d_3 | 15–30 | n.a | Cattle | ||||||
| 1902-1-279_1 | S | Ecru | S/2-ply | 10–20 | 4:1 | Cattle | |||
| 1902-1-279_2 | 20–30 | n.a | Cattle | ||||||
| 1902-1-329a_1 | S | Ecru | S/2-ply | 5–15 | 10:1 | Cattle | Sheep hide glue* | ||
| 1902-1-329a_2 | 5–10 | 10:1 | Cattle | Sheep hide glue* | |||||
| 1938-84-1_1 | S | Ecru | S/2-ply | n.a | no Au | Cattle | |||
| 1938-84-1_2 | 5–15 | n.a | Cattle | ||||||
| 81.01.01bis | S | Ecru | S/2-ply | 20–45 | n.a. | Cattle | |||
| D13e | S | Ecru | S/2-ply | n.a | 4:1 | Cattle | |||
| D10 | S | White | S/2-ply | n.a | 4:1 | Cattle | |||
| D11 | S | Ecru | S/2-ply | n.a | 8.5:1 | Cattle | |||
| P7i | S | Ecru | S/2-ply | n.a | 4:1 | Cattle | |||
| P7k | S | Ecru | S/2-ply | n.a | 6:1 | Cattle | |||
| P10 | S | Ecru | S/2-ply | n.a | no Au | Cattle | |||
| P11 | S | Ecru | S/ 2-ply | n.a | 5:1 | Cattle | |||
| II161 | S | White | S/2-ply | 30–35 | n.a | Cattle | |||
| 14th-15th c | 1902-1-274a | S | Ecru | S/2-ply | 20–40 | 4:1 | Cattle | Sheep hide glue* | |
| 1902-1-274b | S | Ecru | S/2-ply | 5–10 | 3:1 | Cattle | Sheep collagen glue | ||
| 5798 | S | Ecru | S/2-ply |
10–20 (inner) 20–65 (outer) |
n.a | Cattle | |||
| 15th c | P7l | S | Ecru | S/2-ply | n.a | 1.5:1 | Cattle | ||
| P9 | S | Ecru | S/2-ply | n.a | 8:1 | Cattle | |||
| 16th c | P12 | S | Ecru | S/2-ply | n.a | 6.5:1 | Cattle | Sheep collagen glue | |
| Italy or Flanders | 13th-14th c | 3RU8457_1 | S | White | S/2-ply | 10–15 | 2:1 | Cattle | |
| 3RU8457_2 | S | White | S/2-ply | 10–15 | 4.5:1 | Cattle | |||
| Germany | 14th c | P1 | S | Ecru | S/2-ply | n.a | 3:1 | Cattle | |
| Middle East (Iran or Iraq) | 13th-14th c | 5963_1 | S | Ecru | S/2-ply | n.a | n.a | Cattle | |
| 5963_2 | 5–10 | n.a | n.a | ||||||
n.a = not analyzed. * Identified as hide glue based on the presence of collagen type III markers (see SI_Collagen Identification in Membranes). The analytical notation of the fibrous core indicates the twist of the core, and the number of yarns that make it up. The spin direction of individual yarns was not always clearly identified, and thus not reported in the results.