Table 1.

Some bacteria-induced tissue-specific diseases and evasion strategies.

S. No	Bacterial species	Bacteria lifestyle	Infection site	Disease	Evasion strategy	References
1.	Streptococcus pneumoniae	Intracellular	Upper respiratory tract	Sinusitis, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis	Inhibits neutrophil phagocytosis	Hyams et al., 2010; Subramanian et al., 2019
2.	Neisseria meningitidis	Intracellular (facultative)	Nasopharynx	Neisseria meningitidis	Dysregulation of nutritional immunity	Coureuil et al., 2019; Mikucki et al., 2022
3.	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Extracellular/Intracellular	Skin and soft tissue	Endophthalmitis, endocarditis, meningitis, pneumonia	Biofilm generation	Kumar et al., 2022; Kroken et al., 2023
4.	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Intracellular	Lungs	Tuberculosis	Ability to persist in macrophages	Parbhoo et al., 2022; Toniolo et al., 2023
5.	Listeria monocytogenes	Intracellular (facultative)	Brain, blood stream	Listeriosis	Escape in cytosol	Osek and Wieczorek, 2022
6.	Salmonella enterica Typhi	Intracellular	Gastrointestinal tract	Typhoid fever	Stops fusion lysosome with autophagosome	Wang et al., 2021; Carey et al., 2023
7.	Rickettsia spp.	Intracellular	Bones	Rocky Mountain spotted fever, rickettsia pox	Escape into cytosol	Voss et al., 2021
8.	Chlamydia spp.	Intracellular	Cervix, urethra, throat and eyes.	Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)	Degradation of host proteins and deactivation of neutrophils.	Sarkar et al., 2015; Rajeeve et al., 2018
9.	Anaplasma phagocytophilum	Intracellular	Neutrophils, granulocytes	Anaplasmosis	Inhibits autophagosome-lysosomal fusion.	Dumler et al., 2005
10.	Brucella spp.	Intracellular (facultative)	Liver, heart and central nervous system	Brucellosis	Inhibit fusion with host lysosomal compartment	Jiao et al., 2021