Figure 10.

Schematic diagram of the proposed mechanism of oral MH on anti-tumor immune response. (1) MH treatment either modulates the gut microbiota or induces the TLR pathway. This leads to (2) the enrichment of type I IFN and the subsequent upregulation of Sca-1 on the CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells in the gut environment. (3) The Sca-1⁺ CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells migrate from the gut to the periphery (spleen and ILNs). (4) these preactivated T cells then migrate to the TME and induce anti-tumor immune responses. Figure adapted from (61) and created with BioRender.com.