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. 2024 Mar 4;14:5371. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-55998-3

Figure 1.

Figure 1

µCT analysis of the premaxilla. (A) 3D reconstruction of the premaxilla in E18.5 WT, Sc5d KO, and Dhcr7 KO mice. Definitions of landmarks: 1. most anterior superior point of the premaxilla; 2. most lateral point of the premaxillary-maxillary suture; 3. tip of the frontal process of the premaxilla; 4. most medial point of the premaxillary-maxillary suture; 5. most anterior point of the anterior palatine foramen; 6. most posterior point of the premaxilla; and 7. most posterior point of the incisive foramen. Scale bar: 1 mm. (B) Wiring trace of the premaxilla in E18.5 WT (blue), Dhcr7 KO (orange), and Sc5d KO (red) mice. Arrows indicate the missing portion in Sc5d KO mice. (C) Quantification of the size (length, width, height, and volume) of the maxilla from Dhcr7 WT (green bars), Dhcr7 KO (yellow bar), Sc5d WT (blue bars), and Sc5d KO (red bars) mice. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ns, not significant. N/A, not available. (D) Scatter plots of individual scores of PCA displaying the degree of morphological variances (length, width, height, and volume) of the premaxilla in Dhcr7 WT (green dots), Dhcr7 KO (yellow dots), Sc5d WT (blue dots), and Sc5d KO (red dots) mice, shown by PC1 and PC2. Distribution in mutants (Sc5d KO and Dhcr7 KO) and control littermates (Sc5d WT and Dhcr7 WT) along with 10 principal components (blue arrows) are shown.