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. 2024 Mar 4;14:5371. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-55998-3

Figure 2.

Figure 2

µCT analysis of the maxilla. (A) 3D reconstruction of the maxilla in E18.5 WT, Dhcr7 KO, and Sc5d KO mice. Definitions of landmarks: 1. anterior point of the maxilla; 2. lateral inferior intersection of the frontal and zygomatic process of the maxilla; 3. tip of the zygomatic process of the maxilla; 4. anterior-medial point to the zygomatic process of the maxilla; 5. posterior point of the maxilla; 6. posterior-lateral point of the palatine process of the maxilla; 7. posterior-medial point of the palatine process of the maxilla; 8. most anterior-medial point of the palatine process of the maxilla; 9. anterior-lateral point of the palatine process of the maxilla; and 10. medial point of the premaxillary-maxillary suture. Scale bar: 1 mm. (B) Wiring trace of the maxilla in E18.5 WT (blue), Dhcr7 KO (orange), and Sc5d KO (red) mice. Arrows indicate the missing portion in Sc5d KO mice. (C) Quantification of the size (length, width, height, right-left distance, and volume) of the maxilla from Dhcr7 WT (green bars), Dhcr7 KO (yellow bar), Sc5d WT (blue bars), and Sc5d KO (red bars) mice. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ns, not significant. N/A, not available. (D) Scatter plots of individual scores of PCA displaying the degree of morphological variances (length, width, height, right-left distance, and volume) of the maxilla in Dhcr7 WT (green dots), Dhcr7 KO (yellow dots), Sc5d WT (blue dots), and Sc5d KO (red dots) mice, shown by PC1 and PC2. Distributions in mutant (Sc5d KO and Dhcr7 KO) and control littermate (Sc5d WT and Dhcr7 WT) mice along with 14 principal components (blue arrows) are shown.