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. 2024 Mar 4;14:5371. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-55998-3

Figure 4.

Figure 4

µCT analysis of the frontal bone. (A) 3D reconstruction of the frontal bone in E18.5 WT, Dhcr7 KO, and Sc5d KO mice. Definitions of landmarks: 1. most anterior–superior point of the frontal bone; 2. most posterior-superior point of the frontal bone; 3. most posterior-lateral intersection of the frontal bone and parietal bone; 4. most posterior-inferior point of the frontal bone; 5. most anterior-inferior point of the frontal bone; and 6. midpoint of the interfrontal suture. Scale bar: 1 mm. (B) Wiring trace of the frontal bone in E18.5 WT (blue), Dhcr7 KO (orange), and Sc5d KO (red) mice. Arrows indicate the missing portion in Sc5d KO mice. (C) Quantification of the size (length, width, height, right-left distance, and volume) of the frontal bone from Dhcr7 WT (green bars), Dhcr7 KO (yellow bar), Sc5d WT (blue bars), and Sc5d KO (red bars) mice. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ns, not significant. (D) Scatter plots of individual scores of PCA displaying the degree of morphological variances (length, width, height, right-left distance and volume) of the frontal bone in Dhcr7 WT (green dots), Dhcr7 KO (yellow dots), Sc5d WT (blue dots), and Sc5d KO (red dots) mice, shown by PC1 and PC2. Distributions in mutant (Sc5d KO and Dhcr7 KO) and control littermate (Sc5d WT and Dhcr7 WT) mice along with 9 principal components (blue arrows) are shown.