Table 2.
Measurements of selected landmarks of craniofacial bones from E18.5 control, Dhcr7 KO, and Sc5d KO mice.
| Bone | Measurement | Landmarks | MEAN ± STDEV.P (mm) | Adjusted P Value | Cholesterol | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dhcr7 WT | Dhcr7 KO | Sc5d WT | Sc5d KO | Dhcr7 WT vs Dhcr7 KO | Dhcr7 KO vs Sc5d KO | Sc5d WT vs Sc5d KO | ||||
| Premaxilla | Length | 1–5 | 0.89 ± 0.02 | 0.82 ± 0.01 | 0.87 ± 0.02 | 0.75 ± 0.06 | 0.127 | 0.091 | < .001 | Lathosterol |
| 1–6 | 1.68 ± 0.06 | 1.65 ± 0.02 | 1.73 ± 0.07 | 1.38 ± 0.05 | 0.832 | < .001 | < .001 | Lathosterol | ||
| 1–4 | 1.17 ± 0.08 | 1 ± 0.01 | 1.16 ± 0.05 | 1.04 ± 0.05 | < .001 | 0.521 | < .001 | Cholesterol | ||
| 1–7 | 0.45 ± 0.01 | 0.45 ± 0.01 | 0.45 ± 0.01 | 0.45 ± 0.01 | > .999 | > .999 | 0.997 | ns | ||
| 5–6 | 0.95 ± 0.03 | 0.88 ± 0.03 | 0.93 ± 0.06 | 0.74 ± 0.03 | 0.035 | < .001 | < .001 | Cholesterol | ||
| Width | 3–6 | 1.86 ± 0.05 | 1.85 ± 0.01 | 1.88 ± 0.02 | 1.49 ± 0.05 | > .999 | < .001 | < .001 | Lathosterol | |
| L4-R4 | 1.86 ± 0.09 | 1.79 ± 0.03 | 1.84 ± 0.05 | 1.81 ± 0.02 | 0.226 | 0.967 | 0.959 | ns | ||
| Height | 3–4 | 1.83 ± 0.04 | 1.75 ± 0.05 | 1.77 ± 0.05 | 1.35 ± 0.06 | 0.081 | < .001 | < .001 | Lathosterol | |
| Maxilla | Length | 1–3 | 2.55 ± 0.1 | 2.55 ± 0.07 | 2.54 ± 0.07 | 2.6 ± 0.1 | > .999 | 0.609 | 0.324 | ns |
| 5–10 | 2.38 ± 0.06 | 2.06 ± 0.06 | 2.28 ± 0.06 | 1.99 ± 0.07 | < .001 | 0.239 | < .001 | Cholesterol | ||
| 7–8 | 1 ± 0.02 | 0.66 ± 0.02 | 1.01 ± 0.04 | 0 ± 0 | < .001 | < .001 | < .001 | Lathosterol + Cholesterol | ||
| 8–9 | 0.59 ± 0.01 | 0.35 ± 0.01 | 0.59 ± 0.01 | 0 ± 0 | < .001 | < .001 | < .001 | Lathosterol + Cholesterol | ||
| Width | L3-R3 | 5.35 ± 0.13 | 5.23 ± 0.09 | 5.29 ± 0.23 | 5.37 ± 0.13 | 0.311 | 0.203 | 0.721 | ns | |
| L5-R5 | 1.76 ± 0.04 | 1.68 ± 0.04 | 1.76 ± 0.03 | 2.37 ± 0.13 | 0.647 | < .001 | < .001 | Lathosterol | ||
| 3–6 | 2.16 ± 0.1 | 2.15 ± 0.07 | 2.22 ± 0.05 | 2.1 ± 0.05 | 0.997 | 0.913 | 0.342 | ns | ||
| 3–7 | 2.5 ± 0.14 | 2.55 ± 0.06 | 2.66 ± 0.19 | 0 ± 0 | 0.907 | < .001 | < .001 | Lathosterol | ||
| Height | 1–10 | 1.91 ± 0.04 | 1.7 ± 0.04 | 1.89 ± 0.06 | 1.28 ± 0.05 | < .001 | < .001 | < .001 | Lathosterol + Cholesterol | |
| Distance | L6-R6 | 0.64 ± 0.03 | 0.66 ± 0.03 | 0.67 ± 0.01 | 1.12 ± 0.06 | 0.603 | < .001 | < .001 | Lathosterol | |
| L7-R7 | 0.21 ± 0.01 | 0.24 ± 0.01 | 0.2 ± 0.01 | 0 ± 0 | 0.226 | < .001 | < .001 | Lathosterol | ||
| L8-R8 | 0.26 ± 0.01 | 0.25 ± 0.02 | 0.25 ± 0.02 | 0 ± 0 | 0.908 | < .001 | < .001 | Lathosterol | ||
| L9-R9 | 0.76 ± 0.03 | 0.74 ± 0.03 | 0.74 ± 0.02 | 0.86 ± 0.04 | 0.454 | < .001 | < .001 | Lathosterol | ||
| Palatine | Length | 1–4 | 1.76 ± 0.04 | 1.48 ± 0.03 | 1.68 ± 0.06 | 1.42 ± 0.07 | < .001 | 0.24 | < .001 | Cholesterol |
| 4–7 | 1.48 ± 0.04 | 1.48 ± 0.04 | 1.49 ± 0.04 | 1.38 ± 0.05 | > .999 | 0.017 | 0.007 | Lathosterol | ||
| Width | 3–5 | 1.24 ± 0.04 | 1.04 ± 0.06 | 1.21 ± 0.03 | 0.84 ± 0.03 | < .001 | < .001 | < .001 | Lathosterol + Cholesterol | |
| L2-R2 | 1 ± 0.02 | 1.04 ± 0.03 | 0.97 ± 0.05 | 1.44 ± 0.07 | 0.747 | < .001 | < .001 | Lathosterol | ||
| L3-R3 | 2.43 ± 0.05 | 2.31 ± 0.03 | 2.47 ± 0.07 | 2.65 ± 0.03 | < .001 | < .001 | < .001 | Lathosterol | ||
| Height | 1–7 | 0.5 ± 0.01 | 0.37 ± 0.02 | 0.49 ± 0.03 | 0.24 ± 0.03 | < .001 | < .001 | < .001 | Lathosterol + Cholesterol | |
| 3–5 | 0.6 ± 0.02 | 0.45 ± 0.04 | 0.6 ± 0.01 | 0.19 ± 0.01 | < .001 | < .001 | < .001 | Lathosterol + Cholesterol | ||
| Distance | L4-R4 | 1.12 ± 0.09 | 1.19 ± 0.04 | 1.15 ± 0.06 | 1.22 ± 0.03 | 0.238 | 0.797 | 0.131 | ns | |
| L5-R5 | 0.2 ± 0.01 | 0.25 ± 0.02 | 0.2 ± 0.02 | 0.98 ± 0.05 | 0.523 | < .001 | < .001 | Lathosterol | ||
| Frontal | Length | 1–2 | 3.39 ± 0.1 | 3.41 ± 0.15 | 3.31 ± 0.18 | 3.14 ± 0.06 | 0.994 | 0.014 | 0.192 | ns |
| Width | 3–2 | 2.16 ± 0.07 | 2.31 ± 0.05 | 2.14 ± 0.09 | 1.5 ± 0.04 | 0.006 | < .001 | < .001 | Lathosterol + Cholesterol | |
| 3–6 | 2.44 ± 0.08 | 2.89 ± 0.07 | 2.35 ± 0.11 | 1.59 ± 0.06 | < .001 | < .001 | < .001 | Lathosterol + Cholesterol | ||
| Height | 3–4 | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 1.23 ± 0.1 | 1.4 ± 0.05 | 1.14 ± 0.09 | 0.034 | 0.612 | < .001 | Lathosterol | |
| 1–4 | 2.66 ± 0.1 | 2.76 ± 0.16 | 2.66 ± 0.05 | 2.11 ± 0.07 | 0.493 | < .001 | < .001 | Lathosterol | ||
| Distance | L1-R1 | 0.68 ± 0.03 | 0.28 ± 0.02 | 0.65 ± 0.03 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | < .001 | < .001 | < .001 | Lathosterol + Cholesterol | |
| L2-R2 | 1.96 ± 0.05 | 1.14 ± 0.08 | 1.97 ± 0.07 | 2.52 ± 0.2 | < .001 | < .001 | < .001 | Lathosterol + Cholesterol | ||
| L6-R6 | 0.57 ± 0.03 | 0.28 ± 0.03 | 0.53 ± 0.02 | 0.88 ± 0.09 | < .001 | < .001 | < .001 | Lathosterol + Cholesterol | ||
| Mandible | Length | 1–9 | 5.11 ± 0.14 | 4.8 ± 0.07 | 5.29 ± 0.09 | 3.88 ± 0.16 | < .001 | < .001 | < .001 | Lathosterol + Cholesterol |
| 1–11 | 4.83 ± 0.11 | 4.38 ± 0.09 | 4.88 ± 0.07 | 3.84 ± 0.1 | < .001 | < .001 | < .001 | Lathosterol + Cholesterol | ||
| 1–15 | 4.61 ± 0.2 | 3.97 ± 0.16 | 4.52 ± 0.1 | 3.38 ± 0.13 | < .001 | < .001 | < .001 | Lathosterol + Cholesterol | ||
| 3–13 | 1.02 ± 0.05 | 0.99 ± 0.01 | 0.98 ± 0.02 | 0.92 ± 0.02 | 0.999 | 0.907 | 0.942 | ns | ||
| Width | L9-R9 | 4.83 ± 0.18 | 4.59 ± 0.11 | 4.84 ± 0.14 | 4.75 ± 0.1 | 0.006 | 0.136 | 0.601 | ns | |
| L14-R14 | 0.99 ± 0.01 | 0.71 ± 0.06 | 0.95 ± 0.08 | 0.68 ± 0.06 | < .001 | > .999 | 0.002 | 7-DHC | ||
| Height | 4–14 | 1.5 ± 0.04 | 1.42 ± 0.06 | 1.37 ± 0.08 | 1.38 ± 0.05 | 0.28 | 0.842 | > .999 | ns | |
| 5–12 | 1.32 ± 0.03 | 1.39 ± 0.02 | 1.38 ± 0.03 | 1.33 ± 0.03 | 0.157 | 0.31 | 0.48 | ns | ||
| 6–11 | 2.22 ± 0.07 | 1.98 ± 0.04 | 2.18 ± 0.09 | 1.32 ± 0.01 | < .001 | < .001 | < .001 | Lathosterol + Cholesterol | ||