Table 4. WOMAC meta-analysis results.

WOMAC, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index.

Study or subgroup	Experimental			Control			Weight	Std. Mean Difference
	Mean	SD	Total	Mean	SD	Total		IV, Random, 95% CI
Chen et al., 2021	8.19	1.87	16	12.13	3.2	16	11.1%	-1.47 [-2.26, -0.67]
Gomiero et al., 2017	30.6	3.18	32	29.0	2.86	32	14.6%	0.52 [0.02, 1.02]
Jahanjoo et al., 2019	22.07	1.29	30	21.17	1.24	30	14.3%	0.70 [0.18, 1.22]
Kelley Fitzerald et al., 2011	20.3	2.1	91	19.9	1.9	92	16.9%	0.20 [-0.09, 0.49]
Ojoawo et al., 2016	10.14	11.48	23	17.67	8.66	22	13.3%	-0.73 [-1.33, -0.12]
Tunay et al., 2010	5.45	3.76	30	5.69	2.84	30	14.5%	-0.07 [-0.58, 0.44]
Xiao et al., 2020	20.7	8.7	40	18.8	7.4	45	15.4%	0.23 [-0.19, 0.66]
Total (95% CI)			262			267	100.0%	-0.02 [-0.44, 0.40]

Heterogeneity: Tau ² = 0.25; Chi ² = 31.26, df = 6 (p < 0.0001); I ² = 81%.

Test for overall effect: Z = 0.11 (p = 0.91).