Table 3. VAS meta-analysis results.

VAS, Visual Analog Scale.

Study or subgroup	Experimental			Control			Weight	Std. Mean Difference
	Mean	SD	Total	Mean	SD	Total		IV, Random, 95% CI
Gomiero et al., 2017	4.6	0.38	32	4.1	0.47	32	12.8%	1.16 [0.62, 1.69]
Hussein et al., 2015	40.0	14.23	38	42.8	15.21	21	12.8%	-0.19 [-0.72, 0.34]
Cho et al., 2015	50.0	7.7	23	67.2	7.2	23	12.1%	-2.27 [-3.02, -1.51]
Jahanjoo et al., 2019	3.43	0.23	30	3.83	0.21	30	12.6%	-1.79 [-2.40, -1.19]
Kuru Colak et al., 2017	39.58	4.39	33	50.09	6.99	23	12.5%	-1.85 [-2.49, -1.21]
Oh et al., 2020	4.2	1.7	13	4.9	1.4	13	12.0%	-0.44 [-1.21, 0.34]
Reza et al., 2018	4.6	1.91	15	5.4	2.09	15	12.2%	-0.39 [-1.11, 0.33]
Tunay et al., 2010	1.46	2.04	30	2.8	2.02	30	12.9%	-0.65 [-1.17, -0.13]
Total (95% CI)			214			187	100.0%	-0.79 [-1.59, 0.01]

Heterogeneity: Tau ² = 1.22; Chi ² = 92.84, df = 7 (p < 0.00001); I ² = 92%.

Test for overall effect: Z = 1.95 (p = 0.05).