Table 1.

Hospital Characteristics (AHA Annual Hospital Survey, 2018)

Characteristic	Study sites (N = 271)		National (N = 2,705)		p
Birth categories	n	%	n	%	0.009
<500	82	30.3%	998	38.1%
500–999	62	22.9%	574	21.9%
1000–2499	71	26.2%	681	26.0%
≥2500	56	20.7%	367	14.0%
Ownership	n	%	n	%	0.022
Government	47	17.3%	531	19.6%
Church Operated	40	14.8%	301	11.1%
Other non-profit	157	57.9%	1449	53.6%
Investor-owned	27	10.0%	424	15.7%
Obstetrics Level					0.114
Uncomplicated cases	75	33.3%	811	39.5%
Most complicated cases	82	36.4%	731	35.6%
All serious illnesses/abnormalities	68	30.2%	510	24.9%
Neonatal Care
Neonatal intensive care hospital	112	48.1%	789	36.1%	<.001
Neonatal intermediate care hospital	60	25.8%	595	27.2%	0.629
Teaching Hospital	146	53.9%	1420	52.5%	0.665
Urban/Rural					0.052
Metro	190	70.1%	1764	65.2%
Micro	55	20.3%	535	19.8%
Rural	26	9.6%	406	15.0%
Critical Access Hospital	38	14.0%	460	17.0%	0.21
Sole Community Provider	24	8.9%	223	8.2%	0.728

Note: Unequal variance t-test/Fisher’s Exact test. The range of annual births for hospitals in the sample was 49 to 14,334; the range for hospitals with at least 40 births in the American Hospital Association dataset was 40 to 16,829 at p = 0.002.