Table 2.
Association between Physical Activity Levels and Glaucoma Status in the UK Biobank
| Description | International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Derived Physical Activity | Accelerometry-Derived Physical Activity | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds Ratio* (95% Confidence Interval) | P Value | Odds Ratio† (95% Confidence Interval) | P Value | |
| Overall PA level | ||||
| Low | Reference | — | — | — |
| Moderate | 0.87 (0.76—1.01) | 0.06 | — | — |
| High | 0.97 (0.84—1.11) | 0.63 | — | — |
| P value (trend) | 0.93 | — | ||
| Activity level (per 30-min‡ increase in given activity level) | ||||
| Sedentary | 1.01 (0.99—1.03) | 0.47 | 1.00 (0.99—1.00) | 0.98 |
| Quartile 1 | Reference | — | Reference | — |
| Quartile 2 | 0.99 (0.86—1.15) | 0.86 | 0.97 (0.73—1.29) | 0.81 |
| Quartile 3 | 1.10 (0.95—1.27) | 0.95 | 0.79 (0.59—1.07) | 0.13 |
| Quartile 4 | 1.01 (0.86—1.18) | 0.86 | 1.10 (0.84—1.46) | 0.48 |
| P value (trend) | 0.56 | 0.67 | ||
| Low or light | 1.00 (0.99—1.00) | 0.26 | 1.00 (0.99—1.00) | 0.26 |
| Quartile 1 | Reference | — | Reference | — |
| Quartile 2 | 1.00 (0.88—1.15) | 0.96 | 0.72 (0.55—0.95) | 0.019 |
| Quartile 3 | 0.99 (0.85—1.15) | 0.87 | 0.69 (0.52—0.91) | 0.008 |
| Quartile 4 | 1.11 (0.95—1.30) | 0.21 | 0.94 (0.72—1.22) | 0.63 |
| P value (trend) | 0.30 | 0.54 | ||
| Moderate | 1.00 (0.99—1.00) | 0.94 | 1.00 (0.98—1.00) | 0.42 |
| Quartile 1 | Reference | — | Reference | — |
| Quartile 2 | 0.97 (0.84—1.12) | 0.67 | 0.69 (0.52—0.90) | 0.007 |
| Quartile 3 | 1.03 (0.89—1.19) | 0.72 | 0.73 (0.55—0.96) | 0.024 |
| Quartile 4 | 1.00 (0.87—1.15) | 0.99 | 0.99 (0.75—1.30) | 0.92 |
| P value (trend) | 0.81 | 0.75 | ||
| Vigorous | 1.00 (0.99—1.00) | 0.19 | 1.00 (0.99—1.00) | 0.24 |
| Quartile 1 | Reference | — | Reference | — |
| Quartile 2 | 0.93 (0.80—1.09) | 0.38 | 1.02 (0.79—1.32) | 0.89 |
| Quartile 3 | 0.87 (0.76—0.99) | 0.037 | 0.90 (0.68—1.19) | 0.47 |
| Quartile 4 | 0.91 (0.79—1.05) | 0.21 | 0.84 (0.62—1.14) | 0.28 |
| P value (trend) | 0.07 | 0.21 | ||
| Total PA | 1.00 (0.99,1.00) | 0.91 | — | — |
| Quartile 1 | Reference | — | — | — |
| Quartile 2 | 0.89 (0.77—1.03) | 0.13 | — | — |
| Quartile 3 | 0.95 (0.82—1.10) | 0.49 | — | — |
| Quartile 4 | 1.02 (0.88—1.18) | 0.79 | — | — |
| P value (trend) | 0.58 | — | ||
PA = physical activity; — = not available. Boldface represents data that is statistically significant at P < 0.05.
Prevalent glaucoma derived from self-reported glaucoma or from glaucoma laser therapy or glaucoma surgery at baseline assessment, or from International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, coded diagnoses of either primary open-angle glaucoma or unspecified glaucoma before or up to 1 year after baseline.
Multivariable odds ratio adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, Townsend deprivation index, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, smoking status, alcohol status, diabetes status, spherical equivalent, and height.
Multivariable odds ratio adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, Townsend deprivation index, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, smoking status, alcohol status, diabetes status, spherical equivalent, season, and height.
For activity level analyses, International Physical Activity Questionnaire PA analyses are reported per additional 30 metabolic equivalent of task minutes of that given level of activity per week. Quartile 1 represents the lowest quartile of time spent in that given PA level, and quartile 4 represents the highest quartile of time spent in that given PA level. For sedentary: quartile 1, 0—180 minutes; quartile 2, 181—270 minutes; quartile 3, 271—360 minutes; quartile 4, 361— 1440 minutes. For light: quartile 1, 0—297 metabolic equivalent of task minutes/week; quartile 2, 298—693 metabolic equivalent of task minutes/week; quartile 3, 694—1386 metabolic equivalent of task minutes/week; quartile 4, 1387—4158 metabolic equivalent of task minutes/week. For moderate: quartile 1, 0—120 minutes; quartile 2, 121—480 minutes; quartile 3, 481—1200 minutes; quartile 4, 1201—5040 minutes. For vigorous: quartile 1, 0—79 minutes; quartile 2, 80—240 minutes; quartile 3, 241—960 minutes; quartile 4, 960—10 080 minutes. For accelerometer-derived PA, analyses are reported per additional 30 minutes of given level of activity per week. Quartile 1 represents the lowest quartile of time spent in that level of PA as measured by accelerometer.