Table 3.
Association between Physical Activity Levels and Intraocular Pressure in the UK Biobank
| Description | International Physical Activity Questionnaire -Derived Physical Activity | Accelerometry-Derived Physical Activity | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| β Coefficient (95% Confidence Interval) * | P Value | β Coefficient (95% Confidence Interval) † | P Value | |
| Overall PA level | ||||
| Low | Reference | — | — | — |
| Moderate | 0.06 (0.004—0.120) | 0.037 | — | — |
| High | 0.08 (0.02—0.14) | 0.010 | — | — |
| P value (trend) | 0.017 | — | ||
| Activity level (per 30-min increase in given activity level) ‡ | ||||
| Sedentary | −0.02 (−0.03 to −0.01) | < 0.001 | 0.001 (−0.001 to 0.001) | 0.11 |
| Quartile 1 | Reference | Reference | — | |
| Quartile 2 | 0.05 (−0.003 to 0.108) | 0.06 | 0.28 (−0.08 to 0.14) | 0.60 |
| Quartile 3 | 0.01 (−0.05 to 0.07) | 0.68 | 0.04 (−0.06 to 0.15) | 0.43 |
| Quartile 4 | −0.09 (−0.16 to −0.03) | 0.003 | 0.12 (0.01—0.23) | 0.034 |
| P value (trend) | 0.003 | 0.037 | ||
| Low or light | −0.001 (−0.001 to 0.000) | 0.68 | −0.003 (−0.006 to −0.001) | 0.022 |
| Quartile 1 | Reference | — | Reference | — |
| Quartile 2 | 0.08 (0.02—0.13) | 0.005 | 0.03 (−0.07 to 0.14) | 0.54 |
| Quartile 3 | 0.01 (0.04—0.16) | 0.001 | −0.08 (−0.19 to 0.02) | 0.12 |
| Quartile 4 | 0.07 (0.01—0.13) | 0.030 | −0.08 (−0.19 to 0.03) | 0.14 |
| P value (trend) | 0.014 | 0.036 | ||
| Moderate | 0.001 (0.001—0.001) | 0.050 | 0.001 (−0.002 to 0.005) | 0.49 |
| Quartile 1 | Reference | — | Reference | — |
| Quartile 2 | 0.04 (−0.01 to 0.10) | 0.15 | 0.04 (−0.07 to 0.15) | 0.51 |
| Quartile 3 | 0.06 (−0.003 to 0.115) | 0.06 | −0.02 (−0.13 to 0.09) | 0.77 |
| Quartile 4 | 0.08 (0.02—0.14) | 0.005 | 0.03 (−0.08 to 0.15) | 0.56 |
| P value (trend) | 0.005 | 0.81 | ||
| Vigorous | −0.001 (−0.001 to 0.001) | 0.21 | 0.01 (−0.02 to 0.04) | 0.52 |
| Quartile 1 | Reference | Reference | — | |
| Quartile 2 | 0.07 (0.003—0.129) | 0.039 | 0.03 (−0.08 to 0.13) | 0.65 |
| Quartile 3 | 0.04 (−0.01 to 0.09) | 0.14 | 0.08 (−0.03 to 0.19) | 0.15 |
| Quartile 4 | 0.01 (−0.05 to 0.06) | 0.30 | 0.12 (0.01—0.24) | 0.035 |
| P value (trend) | 0.55 | 0.22 | ||
| Total PA | 0.000 (−0.001 to 0.000) | 0.61 | — | — |
| Quartile 1 | Reference | — | — | — |
| Quartile 2 | 0.05 (−0.01 to 0.11) | 0.10 | — | — |
| Quartile 3 | 0.06 (0.004—0.120) | 0.035 | — | — |
| Quartile 4 | 0.06 (−0.003 to 0.114) | 0.035 | — | — |
| P value (trend) | 0.056 | — | ||
MET = metabolic equivalent of task; PA = physical activity; — = not available
β Coefficient represents intraocular pressure difference using multivariable-adjusted model adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, Townsend deprivation index, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, smoking status, alcohol status, diabetes status, spherical equivalent, and height.
β Coefficient represents intraocular pressure difference using multivariable-adjusted model adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, Townsend deprivation index, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, smoking status, alcohol status, diabetes status, spherical equivalent, height, and season.
For activity level analyses, International Physical Activity Questionnaire PA analyses are reported per additional 30 metabolic equivalent of task minutes of that given level of activity per week. Quartile 1 represents the lowest quartile of time spent in that given PA level and quartile 4 represents the highest quartile of time spent in that given PA level. For accelerometer-derived PA, analyses are reported per additional 30 minutes of given level of activity per week. Quartile 1 represents the lowest quartile of time spent in that level of PA as measured by accelerometer, quartile 1, < 822; quartile 2, 822—1786; quartile 3, 1787—3573; and quartile 4, ≥ 3576. Units of measurement for the quartiles represent minutes spent per week in given level of PA.