Table 3.
Range of motion of the shoulder joint
| NJF group (n = 51) | Conventional group (n = 50) | Control group (n = 61) | p-values for comparison between groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flexion | Passive | Before | 138.3(29.2) | 131.5(32.9) | 130.9(28.5) | P > 0.05 |
| After | 153.9(24.4) | 152.4(23.6) | 135.9(27.8) | NJF group and control group, P < 0.01; Conventional group and control group, P < 0.01. | ||
| P-value | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | P < 0.01 | |||
| 95% CI | -20.29, -11.05 | -25.77, 16.01 | -8.12, 1.98 | |||
| Active | Before | 125.3(30.1) | 124.7(26.7) | 127.3(28.3) | P > 0.05 | |
| After | 149.0(22.6) | 146.3(20.7) | 132.4(28.1) | NJF group and control group, P < 0.01; Conventional group and control group, P < 0.01. | ||
| P-value | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | P < 0.01 | |||
| 95% CI | -28.93, -18.63 | -25.17, -17.95 | -7.89, -2.25 | |||
| Extension | Passive | Before | 44.1(6.4) | 44.3(6.1) | 43.5(7.7) | P > 0.05 |
| After | 48.8(7.3) | 46.9(5.3) | 45.2(6.4) | NJF group and control group, P < 0.01. | ||
| P-value | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | P < 0.01 | |||
| 95% CI | -6.88, -2.62 | -3.90, -1.34 | -2.85, -0.52 | |||
| Active | Before | 42.3(6.5) | 43.2(7.6) | 42.8(7.7) | P > 0.05 | |
| After | 46.4(5.2) | 46.3(6.8) | 44.6(7.0) | P > 0.05 | ||
| P-value | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | P < 0.01 | |||
| 95% CI | -5.66, -2.61 | -4.41, -1.81 | -2.85, -0.65 | |||
| Abduction | Passive | Before | 136.9(32.0) | 125.5(35.8) | 129.2(31.0) | P > 0.05 |
| After | 152.2(24.0) | 149.6(29.2) | 134.9(30.9) | NJF group and control group, P < 0.01; Conventional group and control group, P < 0.05. | ||
| P-value | -20.13, -10.42 | -30.24, -18.00 | -8.71, -2.55 | |||
| 95% CI | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | P < 0.01 | |||
| Active | Before | 127.3(31.2) | 118.7(33.9) | 126.1(31.0) | P > 0.05 | |
| After | 144.1(24.2) | 145.2(27.4) | 132.5(30.5) | P > 0.05 | ||
| P-value | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | |||
| 95% CI | -21.43, 12.30 | -32.39, 20.75 | -9.61, 3.13 | |||
| Adduction | Passive | Before | 39.9(6.6) | 38.1(7.8) | 38.3(7.0) | P > 0.05 |
| After | 42.5(4.0) | 42.7(3.8) | 40.8(5.6) | P > 0.05 | ||
| P-value | P < 0.01 | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | |||
| 95% CI | -4.36, -0.96 | -6.33, -2.95 | -3.63, -1.28 | |||
| Active | Before | 38.0(8.0) | 37.4(8.2) | 37.7(7.4) | P > 0.05 | |
| After | 41.4(4.4) | 42.5(3.8) | 39.8(6.6) | Conventional group and control group, P < 0.05. | ||
| P-value | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | P < 0.01 | |||
| 95% CI | -5.17, -1.67 | -6.91, -3.29 | -3.36, -0.91 | |||
| External rotation | Passive | Before | 52.4(9.4) | 53.0(9.7) | 53.1(11.6) | P > 0.05 |
| After | 57.1(7.4) | 54.9(7.1) | 53.7(7.4) | NJF group and control group, P < 0.05. | ||
| P-value | P < 0.01 | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | |||
| 95% CI | -7.30, -2.15 | -4.55, 0.59 | -3.01, 1.89 | |||
| Active | Before | 50.6(10.3) | 51.0(9.1) | 51.4(9.6) | P > 0.05 | |
| After | 55.9(8.0) | 54.3(7.1) | 52.7(8.4) | P > 0.05 | ||
| P-value | P < 0.001 | P < 0.01 | P > 0.05 | |||
| 95% CI | -7.93, -2.64 | -5.24, -1.50 | -3.16, 0.43 | |||
| Internal rotation | Passive | Before | 56.5(14.6) | 52.9(14.4) | 60.1(12.5) | Conventional group and control group, P < 0.05. |
| After | 61.3(9.0) | 60.3(9.7) | 63.4(9.2) | P > 0.05 | ||
| P-value | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | P < 0.01 | |||
| 95% CI | -7.25, -2.48 | -10.05, -4.78 | -5.22, -1.19 | |||
| Active | Before | 53.7(15.7) | 52.2(14.3) | 59.4(12.8) | Conventional group and control group, P < 0.05. | |
| After | 60.1(9.4) | 59.7(9.8) | 62.5(9.5) | P > 0.05 | ||
| P-value | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | P < 0.01 | |||
| 95% CI | -9.24, -3.68 | -10.13, -4.83 | -5.27, -1.01 |
Note values are presented as means (standard deviation) (unit: angle)
Before and after: p-values for comparison within groups via paired t-test
Compared with the control group: p-values for comparison between groups via Bonferroni test
NJF: neuromuscular joint facilitation; CI: confidence interval