Table 3.
Associations between duration of PA and prescription opioid use among adults in NHANES, 2007 to 2020
| Odds ratio (95% CI) | P for trend | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 min/week | 1 – 149 min/week | 150 – 299 min/week | ≥ 300 min/week | ||
| Total physical activity | |||||
| Model 1a | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.67 (0.55 – 0.81) | 0.55 (0.42 – 0.72) | 0.45 (0.37 – 0.54) | < 0.0001 |
| Model 2b | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.78 (0.64 – 0.95) | 0.69 (0.52 – 0.91) | 0.60 (0.50 – 0.74) | < 0.0001 |
| Occupation-related physical activity | |||||
| Model 1a | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.03 (0.80 – 1.33) | 0.63 (0.45 – 0.89) | 0.87 (0.71 – 1.06) | 0.10 |
| Model 2b | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.09 (0.84 – 1.42) | 0.68 (0.48 – 0.96) | 0.99 (0.81 – 1.20) | 0.68 |
| Transportation-related physical activity | |||||
| Model 1a | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.56 (0.43 – 0.73) | 0.58 (0.44 – 0.77) | 0.70 (0.52 – 0.94) | < 0.0001 |
| Model 2b | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.64 (0.49 – 0.84) | 0.66 (0.49 – 0.89) | 0.73 (0.54 – 0.98) | 0.001 |
| Leisure-time physical activity | |||||
| Model 1a | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.64 (0.49 – 0.82) | 0.47 (0.36 – 0.62) | 0.39 (0.30 – 0.51) | < 0.0001 |
| Model 2b | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.74 (0.57 – 0.95) | 0.58 (0.43 – 0.77) | 0.53 (0.41 – 0.70) | < 0.0001 |
Abbreviations: NHANES National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, CI confidence interval, PA physical activity
SI conversion factor: To convert cotinine to nanomoles per liter, multiply by 5.675
aUnadjusted
bAdjusted for age (continuous), sex (male or female), race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Mexican American, or other races), education (less than high school, high school, or more than high school), poverty-income ratio (≤ 130%,130%-300%, or > 300%), any insurance (no or yes), alcohol user (never, former, mild, moderate, or heavy), cotinine (continuous), and survey cycle (2007–2008 to 2019–2020)