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. 2024 Mar 5;22:93. doi: 10.1186/s12916-024-03316-z

Table 3.

The association between air pollutants exposure (per 10 μg/m3) and incident CVD in different lifestyle categories, and the mediation effect of lifestyle categories to air pollution in CVD

Unfavorable
HR (95% CI)
Intermediate
HR (95% CI)
Favorable
HR (95% CI)
Mediation proportion (%) (95% CI)
PM1 8.0 (3.6–17.8)
 Model 1 1.15 (1.04–1.28) 1.09 (1.04–1.14) 0.97 (0.84–1.13)
P value 0.008 0.001 0.697
 Model 2 1.17 (1.05–1.31) 1.08 (1.03–1.13) 0.97 (0.83–1.14)
P value 0.005 0.003 0.762
PM2.5 14.3 (5.6–54.1)
 Model 1 1.12 (1.02–1.23) 1.04 (1.00–1.09) 0.97 (0.85–1.10)
P value 0.020 0.058 0.591
 Model 2 1.13 (1.02–1.24) 1.03 (0.98–1.07) 0.96 (0.84–1.10)
P value 0.016 0.238 0.552
PM10 7.4 (3.8–13.3)
 Model 1 1.09 (1.03–1.14) 1.05 (1.02–1.07) 1.01 (0.94–1.08)
P value 0.001 < 0.001 0.798
 Model 2 1.09 (1.04–1.15) 1.04 (1.02–1.07) 1.01 (0.94–1.09)
P value 0.001 < 0.001 0.751
NO2 12.0 (6.3–24.6)
 Model 1 1.21 (1.06–1.38) 1.09 (1.03–1.16) 0.97 (0.80–1.17)
P value 0.004 0.005 0.751
 Model 2 1.25 (1.09–1.44) 1.08 (1.01–1.15) 0.98 (0.80–1.20)
P value 0.001 0.017 0.819
O3 -
 Model 1 1.21 (0.98–1.50) 1.03 (0.93–1.14) 0.83 (0.59–1.16)
P value 0.056 0.920 0.419
 Model 2 1.24 (0.99–1.54) 1.00 (0.90–1.11) 0.87 (0.62–1.22)
P value 0.071 0.556 0.279

Model 1: crude model

Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, education level, residence, alcohol consumption, and income

Abbreviations: CI Confidence interval, CVD Cardiovascular disease, HR Hazard ratio, NO2 Nitrogen dioxide, O3 Ozone, PM1 Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 1 μm, PM2.5 Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm, PM10 Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter < 10 μm