Table 3.
The association between air pollutants exposure (per 10 μg/m3) and incident CVD in different lifestyle categories, and the mediation effect of lifestyle categories to air pollution in CVD
| Unfavorable HR (95% CI) |
Intermediate HR (95% CI) |
Favorable HR (95% CI) |
Mediation proportion (%) (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM1 | 8.0 (3.6–17.8) | |||
| Model 1 | 1.15 (1.04–1.28) | 1.09 (1.04–1.14) | 0.97 (0.84–1.13) | |
| P value | 0.008 | 0.001 | 0.697 | |
| Model 2 | 1.17 (1.05–1.31) | 1.08 (1.03–1.13) | 0.97 (0.83–1.14) | |
| P value | 0.005 | 0.003 | 0.762 | |
| PM2.5 | 14.3 (5.6–54.1) | |||
| Model 1 | 1.12 (1.02–1.23) | 1.04 (1.00–1.09) | 0.97 (0.85–1.10) | |
| P value | 0.020 | 0.058 | 0.591 | |
| Model 2 | 1.13 (1.02–1.24) | 1.03 (0.98–1.07) | 0.96 (0.84–1.10) | |
| P value | 0.016 | 0.238 | 0.552 | |
| PM10 | 7.4 (3.8–13.3) | |||
| Model 1 | 1.09 (1.03–1.14) | 1.05 (1.02–1.07) | 1.01 (0.94–1.08) | |
| P value | 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.798 | |
| Model 2 | 1.09 (1.04–1.15) | 1.04 (1.02–1.07) | 1.01 (0.94–1.09) | |
| P value | 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.751 | |
| NO2 | 12.0 (6.3–24.6) | |||
| Model 1 | 1.21 (1.06–1.38) | 1.09 (1.03–1.16) | 0.97 (0.80–1.17) | |
| P value | 0.004 | 0.005 | 0.751 | |
| Model 2 | 1.25 (1.09–1.44) | 1.08 (1.01–1.15) | 0.98 (0.80–1.20) | |
| P value | 0.001 | 0.017 | 0.819 | |
| O3 | - | |||
| Model 1 | 1.21 (0.98–1.50) | 1.03 (0.93–1.14) | 0.83 (0.59–1.16) | |
| P value | 0.056 | 0.920 | 0.419 | |
| Model 2 | 1.24 (0.99–1.54) | 1.00 (0.90–1.11) | 0.87 (0.62–1.22) | |
| P value | 0.071 | 0.556 | 0.279 |
Model 1: crude model
Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, education level, residence, alcohol consumption, and income
Abbreviations: CI Confidence interval, CVD Cardiovascular disease, HR Hazard ratio, NO2 Nitrogen dioxide, O3 Ozone, PM1 Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 1 μm, PM2.5 Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm, PM10 Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter < 10 μm