. 2024 Mar 5;14:30. doi: 10.1186/s13578-024-01211-x

Table 2.

Major cardiac stem cell research and preclinical studies

Study procedure	Animal model	Cells	Major findings	Date	Ref.
-isolation of c-kit^POS cells -immunocytochemistry analysis -induction of MI -implantation of myocytes cells	rat	c-kit^POS cells	-improved of functional performance of the postinfarcted hearts injected with Lin(-) c-kit^POS cells	2003	[25]
-using transgenic mice to determine the location of c-kit^POS cells in a healthy heart and in the heart after myocardial infarction	mouse	c-kit^POS cells	- the number of c-kit^POS cells is higher at birth compared to adults - an increased number of c-kit^POS cells was observed in the infarction region	2008	[32]
-isolation of c-kit^POS cells with high GATA-4 expression -co-culture of c-kit^POS GATA-4 cells with adult cardiomyocytes	rat	c-kit^POS cells	-c-kit^POS GATA-4 cells affect cardiomyocyte survival by inducing IGF1R	2010	[33]
-isolation of CDCs -induction of MI -intramyocardial injection of CDCs	pig	autologous CDCs	-preservation of left ventricular function - minimization of adverse ventricular remodeling	2011	[35]
-isolation of CDCs from rat and human hearts -induction of MI in rats -intramyocardially CDCc injection in groups: syngenic group, allogenic group, xenogeneic group	rat	allogenic CDCs syngenic CDCs	-allogenic CDCs promotes cardiac regeneration -improvement in cardiac function was observed in rat models	2012	[36]
-preparation of cardiospheres -injection cardiospheres in the peri-infarct zone	rat	allogenic CDCs	-reduced scar size -increased cardiac function	2013	[37]
-induction of chronic infarction -intramyocardial injection of CSCs	dog	autologous CSCs	-less increase in left ventricular end-systolic volume -preservation of left ventricular ejection fraction	2013	[41]
-induction of MI -intracoronary infusion of CDCs	pig	allogenic CDCs	-MRI is a useful tool for assessing dynamic changes in the infarct and monitoring regenerative efficacy -decreased scar size -increased myocardium viability	2013	[38]
-isolation and culture of human MSCs and CSCs -induction of MI in pig -intramyocardial injection of MSCS and CSCs	pig	Xenogeneic MSCs and CSCs	-reduced scar size -restoration of diastolic and systolic function of the left ventricle	2013	[39]
-development of the c-kit^POS cells isolation protocol	rat mouse	c-kit^POS cells	-identification and isolation of c-kit^POS cells	2014	[31]
-isolation of CSCs cells -intracoronary infusion of autologous CSCs	pig	autologous CSCs	-improves regional and global left ventricular function -promotes cardiac and vascular regeneration in pigs with old MI	2014	[40]
-preparation of CDCs -randomized -induction of MI -intracoronary administration of CDCs	pig	allogenic CDCs	-reduction of infract size -CDCs are effective in cardioprotection -prevention of microvascular obstruction	2015	[26]
-isolation of human CSCs -identification of c-kit^POS cells with PIM1 overexpression -intramyocardial injection of CSCs to Yorkshire swine	pig	human CSCs	-PIM1 overexpression enhanced the effect of intramyocardial delivery of CSCs to infarcted porcine hearts -reduced scar size	2017	[34]

CDCs - cardiosphere-derived stem cells, CSCs - Cardiac Stem Cells, MI - Myocardial Infarction, MRI - Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MSCs - Mesenchymal Stem Cells