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. 2024 Mar 5;20:20. doi: 10.1186/s12992-024-01025-z

Table 3.

The results of the conditional convergence model regression

Dependent Variable: ln (doc) Lag1 Lag2 Lag3 Lag4 Lag5 Lag6 Lag7 Lag8 Lag9 Lag10
year dummies β − 0.185*** − 0.232*** − 0.264*** − 0.298*** − 0.019 − 0.336*** − 0.323*** − 0.301*** − 0.273*** − 0.218***
SD < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001
ln (doc) β −1.461*** − 1.524*** − 1.488*** −1.499*** − 1.701*** −1.614*** − 1.724*** − 1.482*** − 1.390*** − 1.246***
SD 0.101 0.119 0.130 0.140 0.152 0.157 0.164 0.168 0.175 0.181
ln (gdp) β −0.636* − 0.481* − 0.284 − 0.176 − 0.580* − 0.212 −0.285 − 0.018 0.093 0.213
SD 0.051 0.061 0.067 0.073 0.080 0.084 0.089 0.092 0.097 0.102
ln (gdp)*ln (doc) β 2.637** 2.534** 2.279** 2.256** 2.724*** 2.395** 2.646*** 1.856* 1.517* 1.040
SD 0.014 0.017 0.018 0.020 0.021 0.022 0.023 0.024 0.025 0.026
lngdp2*ln (doc) β −0.954* −0.979* −0.961* −1.064** − 0.896* −1.122** −1.236** − 0.924* − 0.791* −0.553
SD < 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001
ln (pop) β −0.018 −0.006 0.009 0.017 −0.022 0.027 0.035* 0.049** 0.057*** 0.059***
SD 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.005 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.007 0.007
ln (gov) β 0.368*** 0.435*** 0.460*** 0.500*** 0.159*** 0.521*** 0.512*** 0.499*** 0.484*** 0.438***
SD 0.007 0.009 0.010 0.011 0.008 0.012 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.015
R 0.381 0.465 0.518 0.555 0.562 0.597 0.618 0.641 0.664 0.677
R2 0.145 0.217 0.269 0.308 0.316 0.356 0.382 0.411 0.441 0.458
Adjusted R2 0.144 0.216 0.268 0.307 0.314 0.355 0.380 0.410 0.440 0.457
Dependent Variable: ln (bed)
year dummies β − 0.251*** − 0.320*** − 0.395*** − 0.435*** − 0.018 − 0.242*** − 0.143*** −0.065* − 0.008 0.009
SD < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001
ln (bed) β −0.286 − 0.381 − 0.464 − 0.967** − 1.040*** − 1.715*** −2.159*** −2.585*** −2.675*** −2.524***
SD 0.064 0.083 0.100 0.116 0.131 0.140 0.148 0.153 0.158 0.163
ln (gdp) β 0.930** 1.251*** 1.352*** 0.909** 0.474 −0.242 −1.034** − 1.740*** −2.108*** − 2.196***
SD 0.036 0.047 0.057 0.067 0.076 0.082 0.088 0.092 0.097 0.101
ln (gdp)*ln (bed) β 0.203 0.497 0.691 2.211* 2.254* 4.225*** 5.356*** 6.405*** 6.314*** 5.412***
SD 0.009 0.011 0.014 0.016 0.018 0.019 0.020 0.021 0.022 0.023
lngdp2*ln (bed) β −1.206** −1.836*** −2.147*** −2.817*** −2.265*** −3.087*** −3.041*** −3.024*** − 2.498*** − 1.633***
SD < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001
ln (pop) β 0.035* 0.054*** 0.068*** 0.074*** 0.025 0.075*** 0.076*** 0.083*** 0.095*** 0.107***
SD 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.006
ln (gov) β 0.551*** 0.685*** 0.782*** 0.772*** 0.273*** 0.558*** 0.398*** 0.262*** 0.160*** 0.077
SD 0.004 0.006 0.007 0.008 0.006 0.01 0.01 0.011 0.012 0.012
R 0.314 0.401 0.455 0.493 0.475 0.513 0.529 0.555 0.580 0.607
R2 0.099 0.161 0.207 0.243 0.225 0.263 0.279 0.308 0.337 0.369
Adjusted R2 0.097 0.160 0.206 0.241 0.224 0.262 0.278 0.307 0.335 0.367

***, **, and * indicate statistical significance at the 0.1, 1, and 5% levels, respectively

SD standard deviation