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. 2024 Mar 4;16(1):2323231. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2323231

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© 2024 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.

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Figure 2. — Alterations of gut microbial structures in IBD. (a) PCoA of IBD-Act, IBD-Rem, and HC based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity metrics, with statistical significance and variance of dissimilarity data assessed using ANOSIM. (b) Correlations between PC1 of microbiota and DAI (PCDAI/PUCAI: n = 70; fecal calprotectin: n = 58) in all IBD patients, as analyzed by Pearson correlation. (c) Average relative proportions of the main phyla and genera in the three groups. The significantly increased phylum in active-phase patients is mainly Proteobacteria, while the significantly decreased phylum is mainly Bacteroidota. (d) LEfSe used to identify essential differences in bacterial abundance (from phylum to genus levels) between IBD-Act and IBD-Rem (LDA threshold > 4.0). Differentially abundant microbial species are highlighted using red and blue boxes in panels D, with red indicating an increase in active IBD and blue indicating a decrease in active IBD. (e) Heatmap of Spearman’s correlation between IBD severity-related microbial taxa and DAI; *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001).