Table 2.
Feasibility of DAT interventions, by country and DAT type.
| Pillbox | All (n = 210) | Ethiopia (n = 50) | The Philippines (n = 50) | South Africa (n = 49) | Tanzania (n = 61) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mobile phone access, n (%) | 200 (95.2%) | 48 (96%) | 48 (96.0%) | 47 (95.9%) | 57 (93.4%) |
| Own mobile phone and not shared, n (%) | 154 (73.3%) | 36 (72%) | 31 (62%) | 44 (89.8%) | 43 (70.5%) |
| Own mobile and share with family, n (%) | 11 (5.2%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (10.0%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (9.8%) |
| Family shared phone, not own, n (%) | 35 (16.7%) | 12 (24%) | 12 (24%) | 3 (6.1%) | 8 (13.1%) |
| Changed phone number/ SIM in the last 1 year, n (%) | 33 (15.7%) | 3 (6.0%) | 13 (26%) | 3 (6.1%) | 14 (23%) |
| Use box alert to remind to take TB medicine, n (%) | 183 (87.1%) | 36 (72%) | 43 (86%) | 49 (100%) | 55 (90.2%) |
| Household members know participant uses box, n (%) | 198 (94.3%) | 48 (96%) | 44 (88%) | 46 (93.9%) | 60 (98.4%) |
| Ever missed a dose, n (%) | 25 (11.9%) | 3 (6.0%) | 9 (18%) | 9 (18.4%) | 4 (6.6%) |
| No contact by health care worker for a missed dose % (n/N)a | 9 (36%) | 0 (0%) | 7 (77.8%) | 1 (11.1%) | 1 (25%) |
| Paid extra to use DAT, n (%) | 11 (4.8%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (6.8%) | 0 (0%) | 7 (11.3%) |
| phone credit b | 10 (90.9) | 0 (0%) | 3 (75.0%) | 0 (0%) | 7 (100%) |
| Health care worker showed adherence information, n (%) | 150 (71.4%) | 32 (64.0%) | 23 (46%) | 46 (93.9%) | 49 (80.3%) |
| Ever taken TB medicine without using box, n (%) | 45 (22%) | 11 (22.0%) | 19 (38%) | 9 (18.4%) | 6 (9.8%) |
| Not having the box with themc | 31 (68.9%) | 8 (72.7%) | 10 (52.6%) | 8 (88.9%) | 5 (83.3%) |
| Poor network connectionc | 8 (17.8%) | 1 (9.0%) | 7 (36.8%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Did not want to be seen using boxc | 1 (2.2%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (11.1%) | 0 (0%) |
| Charging problemsc | 3 (6.7%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (15.8%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Medication labels | All (n = 169) | Ethiopia (n = 50) | The Philippines (n = 52) | South Africa (n = 29) | Tanzania (n = 38) |
| Phone access, n (%) | 168 (99.4%) | 50 (100%) | 52 (100%) | 29 (100%) | 37 (97.4%) |
| Own mobile phone, n (%) | 122 (72.2%) | 35 (70.0%) | 33 (63.5%) | 28 (96.6%) | 26 (68.4%) |
| Own mobile and share with family, n (%) | 14 (8.3%) | 2 (4.0%) | 10 (19.2%) | 1 (3.4%) | 1 (2.6%) |
| Family shared phone, not own, n (%) | 32 (18.9%) | 13 (26.0%) | 9 (17.3%) | 0 (0%) | 10 (26.3%) |
| Changed phone number/ SIM in the last 1 year, n (%) | 35 (20.7%) | 7 (14.0%) | 11 (21.2%) | 11 (37.9%) | 6 (15.8%) |
| Set alarm to remind to take TB medicine, n (%) | 41 (24.3%) | 7 (14%) | 17 (32.7%) | 14 (48.3%) | 3 (7.9%) |
| Family/ friend remind to take TB medicine, n (%) | 69 (40.8%) | 34 (68.0%) | 20 (38.5%) | 4 (13.8%) | 11 (28.9%) |
| Household members know participant uses label, n (%) | 160 (94.7%) | 49 (98.0%) | 50 (100%) | 24 (82.9%) | 37 (97.4%) |
| Ever missed a dose, n (%) | 22 (13.0%) | 2 (4.0%) | 9 (17.3%) | 7 (24.1%) | 4 (10.5%) |
| No contact by health care worker for a missed dose %, (n/N)a | 7 (31.8%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (66.7%) | 1 (14.3%) | 0 (0%) |
| Paid extra to use DAT, n (%) | 15 (8.1%) | 3 (6.0%) | 3 (5.8%) | 2 (6.9%) | 7 (18.4%) |
| Phone creditb | 8 (53.3%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (100%) | 1 (50.0%) | 4 (57.1%) |
| New phoneb | 5 (33.3%) | 1 (33.3%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (100%) | 2 (28.6%) |
| Repair phoneb | 2 (28.6%) | 2 (66.7%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Health care worker showed adherence information, n (%) | 114 (67.5%) | 35 (70.0%) | 23 (44.2%) | 27 (93.1%) | 29 (76.3%) |
| Ever taken TB medicine without using label, n (%) | 70 (41.4%) | 16 (32.0%) | 27 (51.9%) | 15 (51.7%) | 12 (31.6%) |
| Phone access challengesc | 19 (27.1%) | 7 (43.8%) | 4 (14.8%) | 3 (20.0%) | 5 (41.7%) |
| Poor network connectionc | 10 (14.3%) | 1 (6.3%) | 8 (29.6%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (8.3%) |
| Forgot to send textc | 40 (57.1%) | 7 (43.8%) | 20 (74%) | 8 (53.3%) | 5 (41.7%) |
| Charging problemsc | 8 (11.4%) | 3 (18.8%) | 2 (7.4%) | 2 (13.3%) | 1 (8.3%) |
a% out of those who reported a missed dose (non-engagement with the technology); b% out of those who paid extra to use the DAT; c% out of those who reported taking treatment without using pillbox.