FIGURE 3.

CAR T cells release cytokines while killing tMUC1-positive tumor cells in vitro. A, IFN-γ and (B) IL-2 release in supernatants after coculture for 24 hours as described in Figure 2B. Cytokine levels were determined by ELISA. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. In any cocultures with mock T cells, IFN-γ level was undetectable and IL-2 was in the range of 10 to 20 pg/mL. The statistical comparison was conducted between the MUC1-expressing tumor cell line versus its MUC1-null/low counterpart at the same E:T ratio. ***P <0.001, ****P <0.0001 (multiple unpaired t tests). CAR indicates chimeric antigen receptor; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; MUC1, mucin 1; tMUCI, tumor form of mucin 1.