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. 2023 Dec 27;5:107–124. doi: 10.1109/OJEMB.2023.3345733

TABLE I. Material Properties.

Patient Fat Infiltrative Index 0 1 2 3 4 * * *
Steatosis Grade No-Fat
(Liver)
Low
(0-6%)
Mild
(6-17%)
Moderate
(17-22%)
High
(>22%)
Tumor
Fat
-Inline graphic
Average Fat Percent (%) 0 4.66 ± 2.80 12.67±2.25 21.20±2.90 29.90±3.7 5.56±2.90 100% *
Thermal Conductivity [W/(m·K)] (915 MHz) 0.521 0.451 0.364 0.309 0.270 0.44±0.03 0.21 .012
Electrical Conductivity [S/m] (915 MHz) 0.861 0.821 0.757 0.699 0.641 0.81±0.23 0.11 .069
Electrical Conductivity [S/m] (2450 MHz) 1.69 1.62 1.496 1.384 1.273 1.60±0.23 0.268 .069
Permittivity [1] (915 MHz) 46.8 44.9 42.0 39.3 36.5 44.6±1.1 10.8 .067
Permittivity [1] (2450 MHz) 43.0 41.0 37.9 35.0 32.1 40.7±1.1 5.28 .067
Perfusion Mass Flow Rate [Inline graphic] (kg/m3*s) 18 17 15 14 13 *

Steatosis grade index and the corresponding average percent fat derived from the fat quantification imaging data for each patient. Material properties at a particular steatosis grade were determined using the material characteristic curves established in previous work but with a modified scale based on the human data range [43], [49]. For liver parenchyma, an average fat percentage value across the entirety of the liver was used within (7) to produce a homogenous tissue property. In the case of Tumor Informed Digital Twin, a voxel-by-voxel fat fraction value within the tumor imaging data using (7) was employed for a highly heterogeneous property description. With each tissue type, properties are provided, as well as the exponential factor Inline graphic associated with (7) model.