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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Oct 25.
Published in final edited form as: Proc Hum Factors Ergon Soc Annu Meet. 2023 Oct 25;67(1):953–958. doi: 10.1177/21695067231192929

Table 1:

Cohen’s Kappa indicates higher level of agreement (accuracy) for CVML when compared to the manual model

Manual to Auto Kappa Strength Significance Manual to CVML Kappa Strength Significance
Computer .375 Fair <.001 Computer .831 Very Good <.001
Needle .000 Poor - Needle −.013 Poor .197
Guidewire −.037 Poor .027 Guidewire .190 Poor <.001
Scalpel .000 Poor - Scalpel −.023 Poor .194
Dilator .000 Poor - Dilator .019 Poor .190
Catheter .000 Poor - Catheter −.020 Poor .267