Table 2.
Demographic, clinical, household and occupational characteristics of PHCWs and their association with SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-SéroPRIM study, France, May–August 2021.
| SARS-CoV-2 infection/total (%) | Unadjusted prevalence ratio | 95% CI | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic, clinical and household factors | ||||
| Age group (years) | ||||
| < 40 | 118/430 (24.4) | Reference | ||
| 40–49 | 132/460 (28.7) | 1.05 | 0.85–1.29 | 0.6776 |
| 50–59 | 120/420 (28.6) | 1.04 | 0.84–1.29 | 0.7139 |
| > 60 | 87/302 (28.8) | 1.05 | 0.83–1.33 | 0.6849 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 136/500 (27.2) | Reference | ||
| Female | 321/1112 (28.9) | 1.06 | 0.89–1.26 | 0.4942 |
| Chronic diseases | ||||
| No | 363/1303 (27.9) | Reference | ||
| Yes | 94/309 (30.4) | 1.09 | 0.90–1.32 | 0.3639 |
| Chronic diseases (Yes vs No) | ||||
| Obesity* | 30/106 (28.3) | 1.00 | 0.73–1.37 | 0.9910 |
| Hypertension | 34/117 (29.1) | 1.03 | 0.77–1.38 | 0.8589 |
| Diabetes | 8/21 (38.1) | 1.35 | 0.78–2.34 | 0.2857 |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Smoker | 29/138 (21.0) | Reference | ||
| Non-smoker | 428/1474 (29.0) | 1.38 | 0.99–1.93 | 0.0571 |
| Household size and composition | ||||
| Nb adults (inc.participant) | ||||
| 1 | 44/185 (23.8) | Reference | ||
| 2 | 303/1039 (29.2) | 1.23 | 0.93–1.61 | 0.1459 |
| 3+ | 110/388 (28.4) | 1.19 | 0.88–1.61 | 0.2553 |
| Nb children (< 18) | ||||
| 0 | 205/724 (28.3) | Reference | ||
| 1+ | 251/885 (28.4) | 1.00 | 0.86–1.17 | 0.9835 |
| Nb rooms | ||||
| 1–2 | 20/84 (23.8) | Reference | ||
| 3–4 | 116/398 (29.1) | 1.22 | 0.81–1.85 | 0.3361 |
| ≥ 5 | 321/1130(28.4) | 1.19 | 0.80–1.77 | 0.3793 |
| Community exposure to SARS-CoV-2 | ||||
| Region* | ||||
| North-West | 57/304 (18.8) | Reference | ||
| South-West | 63/262 (24.0) | 1.22 | 0.90–1.65 | 0.1251 |
| Île-de-France | 91/297 (30.6) | 1.57 | 1.19–2.09 | 0.0009 |
| South-East | 112/362 (30.3) | 1.58 | 1.22–2.09 | 0.0005 |
| North-East | 134/387 (34.6) | 1.72 | 1.33–2.25 | < 0.0001 |
| Unprotected COVID-19 case contact µ | ||||
| No | 323/1236 (26.1) | Reference | ||
| Yes | 134/376 (35.6) | 1.36 | 1.16–1.61 | 0.0002 |
| Unprotected COVID-19 case contact (Yes vs No) | ||||
| Within the household | 77/178 (40.4) | 1.51 | 1.24–1.84 | < 0.0001 |
| During leisure activity | 21/67 (31.3) | 1.11 | 0.77–1.60 | 0.5664 |
| Among colleagues | 30/101 (29.7) | 1.05 | 0.77–1.43 | 0.7532 |
| Occupational factors$ | ||||
| Occupation | 0.1759 | |||
| Pharmacist assistant | 5/36 (13.9) | Reference | ||
| Dentist assistant | 11/50 (22.0) | 1.58 | 0.60–4.16 | 0.3509 |
| Pharmacist | 59/238 (24.8) | 1.78 | 0.77–4.15 | 0.1780 |
| Pediatrician | 120/430 (27.9) | 2.01 | 0.88–4.60 | 0.0984 |
| Dentist | 93/331 (28.1) | 2.02 | 0.88–4.65 | 0.0967 |
| General practitioner | 169/527 (32.1) | 2.31 | 1.01–5.26 | 0.0462 |
| Work in primary care exclusively | ||||
| Yes | 373/1375 (27.1) | Reference | ||
| No | 84/237 (35.4) | 1.31 | 1.08–1.58 | 0.0065 |
| Number of days worked/week | ||||
| < 3 | 27/111 (24.3) | Reference | ||
| 3–4 | 277/858 (28.9) | 1.19 | 0.84–1.67 | 0.3230 |
| ≥ 5 | 153/543 (28.2) | 1.16 | 0.81–1.65 | 0.4164 |
| Care of COVID-19 patients | ||||
| No | 119/463 (25.7) | Reference | ||
| Yes | 338/1149 (29.4) | 1.14 | 0.96–1.37 | 0.1391 |
| Performance of COVID-19 test | ||||
| No | 309/1107 (27.9) | Reference | ||
| Yes | 138/483 (28.6) | 1.02 | 0.86–1.21 | 0.2689 |
| Missing | 22 | |||
| Occupational factors during the first lockdown$ | ||||
| Place of work | ||||
| Primary care (exclusively) | 288/1038 (27.7) | Reference | ||
| Did not work/remote work | 97/324 (29.9) | 1.08 | 0.89–1.31 | 0.4407 |
| Hospital/COVID-19 center | 58/194 (29.9) | 1.08 | 0.85–1.37 | 0.5365 |
| Missing | 56 | |||
| Working conditions | ||||
| Face-to-face (exclusively) | 138/500 (27.6) | Reference | ||
| Remote and face-to-face | 222/788 (29.9) | 1.02 | 0.85–1.22 | 0.8236 |
| Did not work/remote work | 97/324 (28.2) | 1.08 | 0.87–1.35 | 0.4665 |
| Care of COVID-19 patients | ||||
| Do not know | 64/251 (25.5) | Reference | ||
| No | 149/542 (27.5) | 1.08 | 0.84–1.39 | 0.5581 |
| Yes | 244/819 (29.8) | 1.17 | 0.92–1.48 | 0.1964 |
| Performance of COVID-19 test | ||||
| No | 393/1392 (28.2) | Reference | ||
| Yes | 60/210 (28.6) | 1.01 | 0.80–1.27 | 0.9189 |
| Missing | 10 | |||
| PPE use almost every day | ||||
| FFP2 or surgical mask | ||||
| Yes | 330/1203 (28.4) | Reference | ||
| Did not work/remote work | 97/324 (29.9) | 1.09 | 0.90–1.32 | 0.3676 |
| No | 30/80 (37.5) | 1.37 | 1.02–1.84 | 0.0393 |
| Missing | 5 | |||
| Gloves and coat | ||||
| Yes | 237/867 (27.3) | Reference | ||
| No | 122/411 (29.7) | 1.09 | 0.90–1.31 | 0.3699 |
| Did not work/remote work | 97/324 (29.9) | 1.10 | 0.90–1.34 | 0.3805 |
| Missing | 10 | |||
| Glasses and coverall | ||||
| Yes | 64/262 (24.4) | Reference | ||
| No | 288/994 (29.0) | 1.19 | 0.94–1.50 | 0.1531 |
| Did not work/remote work | 102/324 (29.9) | 1.23 | 0.94–1.61 | 0.1403 |
| Missing | 32 | |||
Significant values are in bold.
*Body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2.
µDefined as face-to-face contact with a confirmed COVID-19 case, without the use of recommended personal protective equipment.
$No occupational-effect modification between SARS-CoV-2 infection and occupational-related factors were found (p-value of Wald chi-square test for interaction terms > 0.05).